Stromal vascular fraction (SVF) combined with platelet-rich plasma (PRP) is commonly used in preclinical and clinical osteoarthritis as well as articular cartilage injury treatment. However, this therapy has not carefully evaluated the safety and the efficacy. This research aims to assess the safety and the efficacy of SVF combined with PRP transplantation. Ten samples of SVFs and PRPs from donors were used in this research. About safety, we evaluate the expression of some genes related to tumor formation such as Oct-4, Nanog, SSEA3, and SSEA4 by RT-PCR, flow cytometry, and tumor formation when injected in NOD/SCID mice. About efficacy, SVF was injected with PRP into murine joint that caused joint failure. The results showed that SVFs are negative with Oct-4, Nanog, SSEA-3, and SSEA-4, as well as they cannot cause tumors in mice. SVFs combined with PRP can improve the joint regeneration in mice. These results proved that SVFs combined with PRP transplantation is a promising therapy for articular cartilage injury treatment. 1. Introduction Stem cell therapy is considered as a promising therapy for degenerative disease treatment, especially articular cartilage injury as well as osteoarthritis. Osteoarthritis was treated by stem cell transplantation for a few years ago. Stem cells from various sources were used to treat this disease. However, the mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) are considered as most suitable candidates. MSCs are multipotential cells capable of differentiation into bone, cartilage, fat, and some other cells [1]. MSCs could be isolated from bone marrow [2], adipose tissue [3], cord blood [4], banked umbilical cord blood [5], umbilical cord [6], Wharton’s jelly [7], placenta [8], and pulp [9]. However, MSCs from bone marrow [10–12] and from adipose tissue [13–15] are two common stem cell sources for treating cartilage degeneration. Cartilage degeneration or cartilage injury is a common clinical problem and easily leads to osteoarthritis. Osteoarthritis is a chronic degenerative process characterized by the degeneration of cartilage, bone bud formation, cartilage reorganization, joint erosion, and loss of joint function [16]. Currently, cartilage injury was treated primarily with drugs [17–20] or injection of hyaluronic acid [21, 22] to reduce the symptoms, pain, and inflammation control. However, these therapies’s efficiencies were limited and often failed to prevent the degeneration of the joints [23]. MSCs from adipose tissue, also known as stem cells isolated from fat tissue (adipose-derived stem cells—ADSCs), are a suitable source of
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