Preparation, and Structural and Magnetic Properties of Ca Substituted Magnesium Ferrite with Composition MgCaxFe2？xO4 ( = 0.00, 0.01, 0.03, 0.05, 0.07)
Calcium substituted magnesium ferrite with composition MgCaxFe2？xO4 (where = 0.00, 0.01, 0.03, 0.05, 0.07) was prepared by ceramic technique. These compositions were then subjected to detailed study for structural and magnetic properties. X-ray diffraction studies reveal the formation of single phase cubic spinel. The values of lattice constant increase with the increase in calcium concentration from = 0.00 to = 0.03 and then decrease. Scanning electron microscopic (SEM) technique was used to study the morphology of the grown materials. The grain size was calculated using average intercept line method. The elemental composition of pure and calcium substituted magnesium ferrite was obtained from energy dispersive X-ray analysis (EDAX) spectrum. The hysteresis loop confirms the magnetic behaviour of the prepared composition, which is then discussed on the basis of cation distribution. The parameters such as saturation magnetization, coericivity, and retentivity are calculated. The Curie temperature was found to decrease with increasing calcium content. 1. Introduction Magnesium ferrite has attracted attention as one of the ferrites for high density magnetic recording, microwave absorbents, sensors and electronic device, high frequency devices, colour imaging, and so forth, because it has high magnetic permeability and high electrical resistance [1–4]. MgFe2O4 is a partially inverse spinel [5, 6] and can be considered as a collinear ferrimagnet whose degree of inversion is sensitive to the sample preparation history. Magnesium ferrite with diamagnetic substitution for Mg2+ and Fe3+ ions has attracted the attention of a number of research workers who attempted to explain the magnetic properties on the basis of the distribution of the only magnetic ion Fe3+ in tetrahedral (A) and octahedral (B) sites, which makes the analysis reliable [7]. The physical and chemical properties of MgFe2O4 depend upon the cation distribution, which in turn is a complex function of processing parameters and method of preparation of the material [8]. The variation that is brought about in the physicochemical and electromagnetic properties due to a change in the particle dimension has encouraged many researchers around the globe to prepare spinel ferrites with novel properties. The structural and magnetic characteristics of MgFe2O4 with nonmagnetic substitution such as Zn2+ [9], Cd2+ [10], Ti4+ [11], and Al3+ [12] have been investigated by means of X-ray diffraction (XRD) and magnetic measurement technique. Some work on various properties of spinel ferrites with Ca2+ substitution
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