Background. Lipoprotein(a) [Lp(a)] is a known risk factor for cardiovascular disease, yet its influence on metabolic syndrome (MS) is still controversial. The purpose of this study was to assess the impact generated by this diagnosis in serum Lp(a) concentrations. Materials and Methods. A total of 1807 subjects of both genders (55.3% women and 44.7% men) belonging to the Maracaibo City Metabolic Syndrome Prevalence Study were evaluated. Results were expressed as Mean？±？SD, determining differences through Student’s t-test and One-Way ANOVA test. Multiple logistic regression models were utilized for analyzing factors associated with elevated serum Lp(a) levels and MS. Total cholesterol and LDL-C were corrected according to Lp(a)-Cholesterol when necessary. Results. No differences were found in Lp(a) values between genders; . The association between MS and the classification of Lp(a) was statistically significant ( ; ), with greater levels in subjects with this diagnosis. In the univariate analysis, subjects with each of the separate diagnostic criteria showed higher serum Lp(a) concentrations, except for hyperglycemia. Conclusions. Lp(a) values exhibit important variations regarding MS and each of its components. Impaired fasting glucose appeared as a protecting factor against elevated Lp(a) concentrations, whereas its association with LDL-C and hs-CRP suggests a potential pro-inflammatory role. 1. Introduction Metabolic syndrome (MS) is a recently coined term for the designation of an aggregation of risk factors—including visceral obesity, arterial hypertension, hyperglycemia, and dyslipidemia—which in conjunction augment the probabilities of developing type 2 diabetes mellitus (DM2) and cardiovascular disease (CVD) [1]. Marquez-Sandoval et al. [2] place the prevalence of MS in Latin America at 24.9% in a previous meta-analysis. Meanwhile, in our country, the CARMELA study [3] finds the city of Barquisimeto to be parallel to Mexico City, boasting the highest prevalence of MS in Latin America in 2009. In consequence, the MS currently comprises one of the main public health issues in our territory. Given its prominent morbidity and its importance in the ethiopathogenics of CVD, which in turn represents the main cause of mortality at a worldwide, national, and regional level [4–6], the MS has been the object of numerous investigations focused on the search of associations with new risk factors, both in general and relating to each of its specific separate components. In this sense, alterations linked to plasma lipoproteins, especially those regarding
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