Viscosity and adhesion properties of NBR/SMR L blend based pressure-sensitive adhesive were investigated using coumarone-indene resin, toluene, and poly(ethylene terephthalate) (PET) as tackifier, solvent, and coating substrate, respectively. Coumarone-indene resin content was fixed at 40 parts per hundred parts of rubber (phr) in the adhesive formulation. The ratio of NBR/SMR L blend used was 0, 20, 40, 60, 80, and 100% of NBR content. Four different thicknesses, that is, 30, 60, 90, and 120？μm, were used to coat the PET film. The viscosity of adhesive was determined by a Brookfield viscometer, whereas loop tack, peel strength, and shear strength were measured using a Lloyd Adhesion Tester operating at 30？cm/min. Result indicates that the viscosity, loop tack, and shear strength of blend adhesives increase with % NBR. However, for peel strength, it indicates a maximum at 40% NBR blend ratio for the three modes of peel tests. In all cases, 120？μm coated sample consistently exhibits the highest adhesion values compared to the other coating thicknesses, an observation which is associated with the higher volume of adhesive in the former system. 1. Introduction Many studies on rubber-based adhesives involve a single component rubber as the elastomer in the adhesive formulation. These include the study of viscoelastic properties of natural rubber pressure-sensitive adhesive using acrylic resin as a tackifier [1], the effects of miscibility and viscoelasticity on peel strength and shear creep resistance of natural-rubber-based pressure-sensitive adhesives [2, 3], and modelling the peel performance of natural rubber-based pressure-sensitive adhesives at different rates of testing [4, 5]. Thitithammawong et al. [6] discussed the preparation and properties of chlorinated epoxidized natural rubber latex and its latex-based adhesives. On the other hand, Varghese and Thachil [7] studied the adhesive properties of neoprene-phenolic blends. However, study on the adhesive properties of rubber-based blends is rarely reported. Phillips et al. [8, 9] have studied the singlet oxygen generation and adhesive properties in polymer blends adhesives using block copolymers as the elastomers. Smitthipong et al. [10] investigated the self-adhesion of immiscible polyisoprene rubber-hydrogenated acrylonitrile butadiene rubber blends, whereas Magida et al. [11] reported the pressure-sensitive adhesive applications of compatible blend of styrene-vinyl acetate copolymer/natural rubber latex. Meanwhile, da Silva et al. [12] found that a single resin will improve the adhesion property
References
[1]
Y. C. Leong, L. M. S. Lee, and S. N. Gan, “The viscoelastic properties of natural rubber pressure-sensitive adhesive using acrylic resin as a tackifier,” Journal of Applied Polymer Science, vol. 88, no. 8, pp. 2118–2123, 2003.
[2]
M. Fujita, M. Kajiyama, A. Takemura, H. Ono, H. Mizumachi, and S. Hayashi, “Effects of miscibility on peel strength of natural-rubber-based pressure-sensitive adhesives,” Journal of Applied Polymer Science, vol. 70, no. 4, pp. 777–784, 1998.
[3]
M. Fujita, A. Takemura, H. Ono, M. Kajiyama, S. Hayashi, and H. Mizumachi, “Effects of miscibility and viscoelasticity on shear creep resistance of natural-rubber-based pressure-sensitive adhesives,” Journal of Applied Polymer Science, vol. 75, no. 12, pp. 1535–1545, 2000.
[4]
D. J. Yarusso, “Quantifying the relationship between peel and rheology for pressure sensitive adhesives,” Journal of Adhesion, vol. 70, no. 3-4, pp. 299–320, 1999.
[5]
J. Du, D. D. Lindeman, and D. J. Yarusso, “Modeling the peel performance of pressure-sensitive adhesives,” Journal of Adhesion, vol. 80, no. 7, pp. 601–612, 2004.
[6]
A. Thitithammawong, N. Ruttanasupa, and C. Nakason, “Preparation and properties of chlorinated epoxidised natural rubber latex and its latex-based adhesive,” Journal of Rubber Research, vol. 15, no. 1, pp. 19–34, 2012.
[7]
L. A. Varghese and E. T. Thachil, “Studies on the adhesive properties of neoprene-phenolic blends,” Journal of Adhesion Science and Technology, vol. 18, no. 2, pp. 181–193, 2004.
[8]
J. P. Phillips, X. Deng, R. R. Stephen et al., “Nano- and bulk-tack adhesive properties of stimuli-responsive, fullerene-polymer blends, containing polystyrene-block-polybutadiene-block-polystyrene and polystyrene-block-polyisoprene-block-polystyrene rubber-based adhesives,” Polymer, vol. 48, no. 23, pp. 6773–6781, 2007.
[9]
J. P. Phillips, X. Deng, M. L. Todd et al., “Singlet oxygen generation and adhesive loss in stimuli-responsive, fullerene-polymer blends, containing polystyrene-block-polybutadiene-block- polystyrene and polystyrene-block-polyisoprene-block-polystyrene rubber-based adhesives,” Journal of Applied Polymer Science, vol. 109, no. 5, pp. 2895–2904, 2008.
[10]
W. Smitthipong, M. Nardin, J. Schultz, and K. Suchiva, “Adhesion and self-adhesion of immiscible rubber blends,” International Journal of Adhesion and Adhesives, vol. 29, no. 3, pp. 253–258, 2009.
[11]
M. M. Magida, Y. H. Gad, and H. H. El-Nahas, “The use of compatible blend of styrene-vinylacetate copolymer/natural rubber latex in pressure-sensitive adhesive applications by using irradiation and chemical initiation,” Journal of Applied Polymer Science, vol. 114, no. 1, pp. 157–165, 2009.
[12]
S. A. da Silva, C. L. Marques, and N. S. M. Cardozo, “Composition and performance of styrene-isoprene-styrene (SIS) and styrene-butadiene-styrene (SBS) hot melt pressure sensitive adhesives,” Journal of Adhesion, vol. 88, no. 2, pp. 187–199, 2012.
[13]
J.-H. Kim, H.-G. Kim, J.-C. Lim, K.-S. Cho, and K.-E. Min, “Thermal properties and adhesion strength of amorphous poly(α-olefins) /styrene-ethylene-butylene copolymer/terpene hot-melt adhesive,” Journal of Applied Polymer Science, vol. 124, no. 4, pp. 3312–3319, 2012.
[14]
W. Pichayakorn, J. Suksaeree, P. Boonme, W. Taweepreda, and G. C. Ritthidej, “Preparation of deproteinized natural rubber latex and properties of films formed by itself and several adhesive polymer blends,” Industrial & Engineering Chemistry Research, vol. 51, pp. 13393–13404, 2012.
[15]
S. A. Riyajan and N. Phewkeaw, “Modification of skim rubber blended with poly (vinyl alcohol) to be applied as a biodegradable pressure-sensitive adhesive: effect of 2,6-di-t-butyl-4-methylphenol and hydrocarbon resin,” Rubber Chemistry and Technology, vol. 85, no. 4, pp. 547–558, 2012.
[16]
S. A. Riyajan, N. Phupewkeaw, S. Maneechay, and A. Kowalczyk, “An emulsion from green epoxidized skim rubber blended with poly(vinyl alcohol) for use as a bioadhesive,” International Journal of Adhesion and Adhesives, vol. 45, pp. 84–89, 2013.
[17]
B. T. Poh and L. N. Ong, “Adhesion properties of styrene-butadiene rubber (SBR)/Standard Malaysian Rubber (SMR L)-based adhesives in the presence of phenol formaldehyde resin,” EXPRESS Polymer Letters, vol. 1, no. 10, pp. 654–659, 2007.
[18]
B. T. Poh and S. S. Heng, “Effect of blend ratio on adhesion properties of pressure-sensitive adhesives prepared from SBR/SMR L blends,” Polymer—Plastics Technology and Engineering, vol. 47, no. 3, pp. 325–329, 2008.
[19]
B. T. Poh and A. L. Lim, “Adhesion properties of pressure-sensitive adhesives prepared from SMR 10/ENR 25, SMR 10/ENR 50, and ENR 25/ENR 50 blends,” Journal of Applied Polymer Science, vol. 109, no. 1, pp. 115–119, 2008.
[20]
G. Gierenz and W. Karmann, Eds., Adhesives and Adhesive Tapes, Wiley-VCH, New York, NY, USA, 2001.
[21]
D. Satas, Ed., Handbook of Pressure Sensitive Adhesive Technology, Van Nostrand Reinhold, New York, NY, USA, 1982.
[22]
L. H. Lee, Adhesive Bonding, Plenum Press, New York, NY, USA, 1991.
[23]
I. Skeist, Ed., Handbook of Adhesives, Van Nostrand Reinhold, New York, NY, USA, 3rd edition, 1990.
[24]
B. T. Poh and C. L. Chee, “Effect of coumarone-indene resin on adhesion property of SMR 20-based pressure-sensitive adhesives,” International Journal of Polymeric Materials, vol. 56, no. 3, pp. 247–255, 2007.
