The development of electric vehicles power electronics system control comprising of DC-AC inverters and DC-DC converters takes a great interest of researchers in the modern industry. A DC-AC inverter supplies the high power electric vehicle motors torques of the propulsion system and utility loads, whereas a DC-DC converter supplies conventional low-power, low-voltage loads. However, the need for high power bidirectional DC-DC converters in future electric vehicles has led to the development of many new topologies of DC-DC converters. Nonlinear control of power converters is an active area of research in the fields of power electronics. This paper focuses on a fuzzy sliding mode strategy (FSMS) as a control strategy for boost DC-DC converter power supply for electric vehicle. The proposed fuzzy controller specifies changes in the control signal based on the surface and the surface change knowledge to satisfy the sliding mode stability and attraction conditions. The performances of the proposed fuzzy sliding controller are compared to those obtained by a classical sliding mode controller. The satisfactory simulation results show the efficiency of the proposed control law which reduces the chattering phenomenon. Moreover, the obtained results prove the robustness of the proposed control law against variation of the load resistance and the input voltage of the studied converter. 1. Introduction Electric vehicles power management has an important role, as it has the ability to decide the electric vehicle power status in efficient economy. Power management is the way in which energy is moved to and from the energy storage device and the electric motor and includes the quantity of energy and the time over which it is done [1, 2]. A lot of researchers and several papers use a constant energy source alimentation to walk their electric vehicles, which does not exist in reality because all batteries have proper autonomous which depend on their specific energy storage (state of charge and depth of discharge) where the output voltage is not constant [3, 4]. For this reason, we use the DC-DC converter with a control strategy to assure the energy requirement for the electric vehicle and the propulsion system. Consequently, the proposed control strategy applied on DC-DC converter assures and maintains the DC output voltage constant against load variations to satisfy the inputs electric vehicle inverter demand. Energy storage or power supply devices vary their output voltage with load or state of charge, and this creates major challenges for electric vehicle designers
References
[1]
J. Moreno, J. Dixon, and M. Ortuzar, “Energy management system for an electric vehicle, using ultracapacitors and neural networks,” IEEE Transactions on Industrial Electronics, vol. 53, no. 2, pp. 614–623, 2006.
[2]
M. Salman, M. Chang, and J. Chen, “Predictive energy management strategies for hybrid vehicles,” in Proceedings of the IEEE Conference Vehicle Power and Propulsion, pp. 21–25, Chicago, Ill, USA, September 2005.
[3]
J. Larminie and J. Lowry, Electric Vehicle Technology Explained, John Wiley & Sons, England, UK, 2003.
[4]
R. F. Nelson, “Power requirements for battery in HEVs,” Journal of Power Sources, vol. 91, pp. 2–26, 2000.
[5]
M. Rashid, Power Electronics Handbook, Elsevier Press, 2007.
[6]
C. Xia and Y. Guo, “Implementation of a Bi-directional DC/DC Converter in the electric vehicle,” Journal of Power Electronics, vol. 40, no. 1, pp. 70–72, 2006.
[7]
X. X. Yan and D. Patterson, “Novel power management for high performance and cost reduction in an electric vehicle,” Renewable Energy, vol. 22, no. 1–3, pp. 177–183, 2001.
[8]
Q. Zhang and Y. Yin, “Analysis and evaluation of bidirectional DC/DC converter,” Journal of Power Technology, vol. 1, no. 4, pp. 331–338, 2003.
[9]
S. Buso, “Design of a robust voltage controller for a Buck-Boost converter using μ-synthesis,” IEEE Transactions on Control Systems Technology, vol. 7, no. 2, pp. 222–229, 1999.
[10]
Y. B. Shtessel, A. S. I. Zinober, and I. A. Shkolnikov, “Sliding mode control of boost and buck-boost power converters using method of stable system centre,” Automatica, vol. 39, no. 6, pp. 1061–1067, 2003.
[11]
S. C. Tan, Y. M. Lai, and C. K. Tse, “An evaluation of the practicality of sliding mode controllers in DC-DC converters and their general design issues,” in Proceedings of the 37th IEEE Power Electronics Specialists Conference, pp. 187–193, 2006.
[12]
S. C. Tan, Y. M. Lai, and C. K. Tse, “A unified approach to the design of PWM-based sliding-mode voltage controllers for basic DC-DC converters in continuous conduction mode,” IEEE Transactions on Circuits and Systems I, vol. 53, no. 8, pp. 1816–1827, 2006.
[13]
F. Song and S. M. Smith, “A comparison of sliding mode controller and fuzzy sliding mode controller,” in Proceedings of the 19th International Conference of the North American Fuzzy Information Processing Society (NAFIPS '00), pp. 480–484, 2000.
[14]
S. B. Choi, C. C. Cheong, and D. W. Park, “Moving switching surfaces for robust control of second order variable structure systems,” International Journal of Control, vol. 58, no. 1, pp. 229–245, 1993.
[15]
Q. P. Ha, D. C. Rye, and H. F. Durrant-Whyte, “Fuzzy moving sliding mode control with application to robotic manipulators,” Automatica, vol. 35, no. 4, pp. 607–616, 1999.
[16]
H. Lee, E. Kim, H. Kang, and M. Park, “Design of sliding mode controller with fuzzy sliding surfaces,” IEE Proceedings Control Theory & Applications, vol. 145, no. 5, 1998.
[17]
H. Temeltas, “A fuzzy adaptation technique for sliding mode controllers,” in Proceedings of the IEEE International Symposium on Intelligent Control, pp. 15–18, Columbus, Ohio, USA, 1994.
[18]
S. W. Kim and J. J. Lee, “Design of a fuzzy controller with fuzzy sliding surface,” Fuzzy Sets and Systems, vol. 71, pp. 359–367, 1995.
[19]
Q. Zhao and F. C. Lee, “High efficiency, high step-up DC-DC converters,” IEEE Transactions on Power Electronics, vol. 18, pp. 65–73, 2003.
[20]
H. J. Chill and L. W. Lin, “A bidirectional DC-DC converter for fuel cell electric vehicle driving system,” IEEE Transactions on Power Electronics, vol. 21, pp. 950–958, 2006.
[21]
M. Ehsani, K. M. Rahman, M. D. Bellar, and A. J. Severinsky, “Evaluation of soft switching for EV and HEV motor drives,” IEEE Transactions on Industrial Electronics, vol. 48, no. 1, pp. 82–90, 2001.
[22]
A. Nasri, A. Hazzab, I. K. Bousserhane, S. Hadjeri, and P. Sicard, “Fuzzy-sliding mode speed control for two wheels electric vehicle drive,” Journal of Electrical Engineering & Technology, vol. 4, no. 4, pp. 499–509, 2009.
[23]
K. D. Young, V. I. Utkin, and U. Ozguner, “A control engineer's guide to sliding mode control,” IEEE Transactions on Control Systems Technology, vol. 7, no. 3, pp. 328–342, 1999.
[24]
C. Edwards and S. L. Spurgeon, Sliding Mode Control: Theory and Applications, Taylor & Francis, London, UK, 1998.
[25]
C. K. Tse and K. M. Adams, “Quasi-linear analysis and control of DC-DC converters,” IEEE Transactions on Power Electronics, vol. 7, no. 2, pp. 315–323, 1992.
[26]
V. M. Nguyen and C. Q. Lee, “Indirect implementations of sliding-mode control law in buck-type converters,” in Proceedings of the IEEE Applied Power Electronics Conference, vol. 1, pp. 111–115, Mars 1996.
[27]
H. El Fadil and F. Giri, “Reducing chattering phenomenon in sliding mode control of Buck-Boost power converters,” in Proceedings of the IEEE International Symposium on Industrial Electronics (ISIE '08), pp. 287–292, July 2008.
[28]
M. K. Passino, Fuzzy Control, Addison-Wesley, London, UK, 2000.
