The availability of natural gas and crude oil resources has been declining over the years. In automobile sector, the consumption of crude oil is 63% of total crude oil production in the world. Hence, automobile industries are placing more emphasis on energy efficient hydraulic hybrid systems, which can replace their conventional transmission systems. Series hydraulic hybrid system (SHHS) is a multidomain mechatronics system with two distinct power sources that includes prime mover and hydropneumatic accumulator. It replaces the conventional transmission system to drive the vehicle. The sizing of the subsystems in SHHS plays a major role in improving the energy efficiency of the vehicle. In this paper, a power bond graph approach is used to model the dynamics of the SHHS. The obtained simulation results indicate the energy flow during various modes of operations. It also includes the dynamic response of hydropneumatic accumulator, prime mover, and system output speed. Further, design optimization of the system is carried out to optimize the process parameters for maximizing the system energy efficiency. This leads to increase in fuel economy and environmentally friendly vehicle. 1. Introduction The transportation sector consumes 63% of world crude oil production and causes 17% of total environmental pollution across the world. In this scenario, high cost and shortage of crude oil have created a need for energy saving, efficient, and environmental friendly transport system [1]. To mitigate this situation, a hybrid system technology was adopted to develop an energy efficient transportation vehicle. This system consists of two distinct power sources and kinetic energy recovery technology, which makes this technology a potential solution for the design of energy efficient transmission. The possible combinations of two distinct power sources are gasoline/hydraulic (hydraulic hybrid), gasoline/electric (electric hybrid), and fuel cell/battery (fuel cell hybrid). Typically, one source converts the fuel into energy and another source is a storage unit. During mechanical friction braking in a conventional vehicle, kinetic energy in the wheel is lost as heat energy. However, hybrid system has the capability to regenerate the kinetic energy into useful energy through a method called regenerative braking. Thus, the hybrid systems turn out to be a hot topic for researchers in automotive companies and research institutes all over the world [2, 3]. Generally, these systems can be classified into two categories—electric hybrids and hydraulic hybrids. The electric hybrid
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