A bioreactor system plays an important role in tissue engineering and enables reproduction and controlled changes in the environmental factor. The bioreactor provides technical means to perform controlled processes in safe and reduced reproducible generation of time. Cartilage cells were grown in vitro by mimicking the in vivo condition. The basic unit of cartilage, that is, chondrocyte, requires sufficient shear, strain, and hydrodynamic pressure for regular growth as it is nonvascular tissue. An attempt has been made to design a novel airlift reactor for chondrocyte culture, and the reactor has been evaluated for its performance. The design includes internal loop wavy riser airlift reactor for chondrocyte culture with 5% CO2 sparging which gives a good yield of chondrocyte after 28 days. The wavy riser provides more surfaces for collision of fluid flow so to create the turbulence. Also, the horizontal semicircular baffles create an angle of 180° which helps in high shear rate. The optimized L/D ratio of the designed airlift reactor (for chondrocyte culture) is 5.67, and it also exhibits good mixing performance. 1. Introduction Tissue engineering has opened new strategies for the study and growth of tissue in vitro. It has the potential of improving the quality of life by repair and regeneration of these tissues in people with traumatic injuries and arthritis. The goal has been directed towards the development of cell line to restore, maintain, or improve tissue function [1, 2]. Bioreactors represent an attractive tool to accelerate the biochemical and mechanical properties of the engineered tissues providing adequate mass transfer and physical stimuli. Various bioreactors have been developed for tissue development during the last decades based on different physical stimulation concepts [3]. The product/process for each type of tissue is to be viewed as a simple bioprocess which includes cell sourcing, construction technique, bioreactor growth, and harvesting process. An integration of these components is required for the successful production of engineered cartilage [4]. The cartilage is composed of chondrocyte and proteoglycan that primarily have GAG and type II collagen. The chondrocyte repair in vivo is a slow process [5]. Inadequate cartilage repair in vivo has involved the developments of alternative therapies to restore time and function. Cartilage tissue engineering bioreactors play a crucial role in the final properties of engineered cartilage [6]. The environment of the bioreactor directly affects the uniformity of cell seeding into
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