Objective. To identify the relationship between microinflammation, oxidative stress, and carotid arterial stiffness in hemodialysis patients. Methods. The CAS β and PWV obtained by ultrasound technology were used to assess carotid arterial stiffness. We divided the patients into either the CAS group or the non-CAS group based on the presence or absence of CAS. The parameters of ALB, Ca, P, TC, HDL, LDL, TG, glucose, creatinine, and hs-CRP levels were routinely tested in both groups of patients. The levels of TNF-α, IL-6, and 8-isoprostane F2α were measured by ELISA. Results. A total of 42 patients were enrolled in the CAS group and 20 patients were enrolled in the non-CAS group. No significant differences between the CAS group and the non-CAS group were observed with respect to age, dialysis duration, DBP, BUN, Cr, TC, TG, HDL, LDL, and Hb. However, SBP , pulse pressure, and 8-isoprostane levels of the CAS group were higher than those of the non-CAS group. The hs-CRP, TNF-α, and IL-6 levels were elevated in both groups but showed no significant differences. Conclusions. Maintenance of hemodialysis patients exhibits a microinflammatory state that may lead to atherosclerosis. The roles of hypertension and oxidative stress may be more important. 1. Introduction Atherosclerosis is an independent predictor of cardiovascular disease (CVD) related to patients with end-stage renal disease (ESRD). Numerous factors are involved in atherosclerosis for ESRD patients, some of which are reversible. Increasing evidence has demonstrated that atherosclerosis is a chronic microinflammatory disease [1–4]. Renal excretion dysfunction is common for maintenance with hemodialysis (MHD) patients. Toxins and cytokines accumulate in the body. The imbalance between the antioxygen free radical system and the oxygen free radical production system causes peroxidative damage and lipid peroxidative injury. Glycation end products and advanced oxidation protein products accumulate in the body, bind to specific monocyte-macrophage cell surface receptors, and stimulate vast numbers of adhesion molecules. Nuclear factor κB (NF-κB) is also stimulated resulting in increased secretion of inflammatory cytokines such as interleukin (IL) 1, IL-6, and tumor necrosis factor (TNF) α [5, 6]. Inflammatory cytokines and oxidative stress play an important role in dialysis-related cardiovascular events in MHD patients [7, 8]. In previous studies, systolic blood pressure (SBP), age, increased blood calcium (Ca) levels, and diabetes were demonstrated to be independent risk factors for carotid artery
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