Background. Children with cerebral palsy (CP) are prone to urinary tract infection (UTI). Methods/Objectives. The prevalence and the predictors of UTI among children with CP were compared to age- and sex-matched children without CP at Federal Medical Centre, Makurdi, Nigeria, from December 2011 to May 2013. Results. The age range was between 2 and 15 years with a mean age of years including 30 males and 22 females. UTI was confirmed in 20 (38.5%) CP children compared to 2 children (3.8%) without CP ( value 0.000). Among CP children, Escherichia coli was the commonest organism isolated in 9 (9/20, 45.0%), Streptococcus faecalis in 4 (20.0%), and Staphylococcus aureus in 3 (15%), while both Proteus spp. and Klebsiella spp. were isolated in 2 children (10.0%) each. Escherichia coli was also found in the 2 children without CP. All the organisms were resistant to cotrimoxazole, nalidixic acid, nitrofurantoin, and amoxiclav, while they were 100% sensitive to ceftriaxone and the quinolones. In a univariate regression analysis, only moderate to severe gross motor dysfunction predicted the risk of UTI ( , 95% CI, 2.27–1324.00, value 0.014). Conclusion. Efforts should be put in place to aid mobility among CP children in order to reduce the risk of UTI. 1. Introduction A child with cerebral palsy is having a difficulty in neuromotor control, a nonprogressive brain lesion, and an injury to the brain that occurred before it was fully matured [1]. Cerebral palsy is a common cause of childhood morbidity [1]. This morbidity comprised seizure disorders, mental retardation, abnormalities of vision, problems with respiratory muscle, and lower urinary tract dysfunctions. [1] The lower urinary tract dysfunctions are manifested symptomatically as urinary incontinence, urgency, frequency, hesitancy, and urinary tract infection [2]. Possible reasons for the propensity to urinary tract infections include vesicoureteral reflux and incomplete bladder emptying resulting from detrusor hyperreflexia and detrusor sphincter dyssynergia [2–7]. In addition, the impaired cognition and the inability to communicate bladder fullness and the need to void, together with an impaired mobility, may also explain the tendency to urinary retention and the attendant risk of urinary tract infections [2, 8]. A prevalence of 2.2–32.5% of urinary tract infections among cerebral palsy patients has been reported by authors from developed countries [2, 9, 10]. Unfortunately, there has been no report of UTI among patients with cerebral palsy in Nigeria. This study therefore aims at determining the
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