Synthesis, Characterization, and Antibacterial Activity of Co(II), Ni(II), Cu(II), Zn(II), Cd(II), and Hg(II) Complexes of Schiff's Base Type Ligands Containing Benzofuran Moiety
Six new complexes of Co(II), Ni(II), Cu(II), Zn(II), Cd(II), and Hg(II) with substituted benzofuran derivatives have been synthesized and characterized by elemental analysis, magnetic moments, conductance measurements, spectral characterization, and so forth. Elemental data coincide with the general formula , where L = (E)-7-Methoxy-N1-(2,4,5-trimethoxy benzylidene) benzofuran-2-carbohydrazide (L1) or (E)-N1-(2,6-dichloro benzylidene)-7-methoxy benzofuran-2-carbohydrazide (L2), of the complexes. The ligands coordinate to the metal ions through the oxygen of the carbonyl group and the nitrogen of the hydrazine group. Electronic spectral data of the complexes suggests the probable geometry is octahedral in nature. All the complexes and ligands were screened for their antibacterial activity. Among them, Co, Ni, and Cu complexes of L2 showed good activity against all microbes. 1. Introduction Schiff’s bases are the most widely studied chelating ligands in coordination chemistry [1]. They are useful in catalysis in organic synthesis and in medicine as antibiotics, antiallergic, and antitumor agents [2]. Recently metal complexes of Schiff’s bases particularly derived from carbonyl compounds based on heterocyclic rings have been the centre of attraction in many areas [3–7]. Among them, benzofuran based fused heterocycles have been of great interest as they are abundant in nature and have wide pharmacological activities [8]. Benzofuran based compounds have been reported to show activities as anti-infective agents, like antifungal [9–12], antiprotozoal, and antitubercular [13–15], and also in the treatment of antiarrhythmic [16] and cardiovascular [17] diseases. According to the literature survey in the recent years, there has been an increased interest investigation of anti-microbacterial activities on benzofuran derivatives, especially 2-substituted [18] or 2,3-disubstituted benzofurans derivatives [19]. It is due to the presence of benzofuran derivatives in natural compounds. For example, the seed oil of the Egonoki plant, which contains a benzofuran derivative called egonal (Figure 1(a)), is an effective synergist for rotenone and pyrethrum against house flies, mosquitoes, aphides, and many other insects [20]. Similarly, Baker’s yeast contains a benzofuran derivative (Figure 1(b)) that acts as an antioxidant preventing hemorrhagic liver necrosis in rats and hemolysis of red cells in Vitamin-E deficient rats [21]. Figure 1: Structures of the benzofuran derivatives in (a) Egonoki plant and (b) Baker’s yeast. Therefore we thought it is worthwhile to synthesis
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