Generation of Chimeric “ABS Nanohemostat” Complex and Comparing Its Histomorphological In Vivo Effects to the Traditional Ankaferd Hemostat in Controlled Experimental Partial Nephrectomy Model

Purpose. Using the classical Ankaferd Blood Stopper (ABS) solution to create active hemostasis during partial nephrectomy (PN) may not be so effective due to insufficient contact surface between the ABS hemostatic liquid agent and the bleeding area. In order to broaden the contact surface, we generated a chimeric hemostatic agent, ABS nanohemostat, via combining a self-assembling peptide amphiphile molecule with the traditional Ankaferd hemostat. Materials and Methods. In order to generate ABS nanohemostat, a positively charged Peptide Amphiphile (PA) molecule was synthesized by using solid phase peptide synthesis. For animal experiments, 24 Wistar rats were divided into the following 4 groups: Group 1: control; Group 2: conventional PN with only 0.5？ml Ankaferd hemostat; Group 3: conventional PN with ABS + peptide gel; Group 4: conventional PN with only 0.5？ml peptide solution. Results. Mean warm ischemia times (WITs) were , , , and seconds in Group 1 to Group 4, respectively. Fibrosis was not different among the groups, while inflammation was detected to be significantly different in G3 and G4. Conclusions. ABS nanohemostat has comparable hemostatic efficacy to the traditional Ankaferd hemostat in the partial nephrectomy experimental model. Elucidation of the cellular and tissue effects of this chimeric compound may establish a catalytic spark and open new avenues for novel experimental and clinical studies in the battlefield of hemostasis. 1. Introduction The use of nanomaterials in medicine involves the applications of nanoparticles and manufactured nanosystems to provide regeneration at the cellular and tissue levels [1]. Several nanomaterials have been designed to serve as drug delivery systems. They encapsulate therapeutic agents and typically carry multiple targeting motifs such as hemostasis [1, 2]. For instance, Ellis-Behnke and coworkers [2] introduced a unique nanomedicinal method to stop bleeding using a self-assembling peptide that establishes a nanofiber barrier and incorporates it into the surrounding tissue to form an extracellular matrix [1, 2]. Biomaterials used as tissue engineering scaffolds have specific physical properties and might form fibrous networks similar to collagenous extracellular matrix. They also can be programmed to carry chemical and physical cues to provide bioactivity for cell-materials interactions. In the search for more improved bioactive materials for tissue engineering purposes, peptide amphiphile (PA) molecules are good candidates to bring scaffold properties and bioactivity together [3, 4]. Hydrophobic