Determination of Tetracycline in Pharmaceutical Preparation by Molecular and Atomic Absorption Spectrophotometry and High Performance Liquid Chromatography via Complex Formation with Au(III) and Hg(II) Ions in Solutions
UV-visible and atomic spectrophotometry and HPLC techniques were applied for the determination of tetracycline (TC) in pharmaceutical preparations via complexation of the drug with Au(III) and Hg(II) ions in solutions. The mole ratio of TC to metal ions was 1？:？1. Maximum peak absorption at λ 425 and 320？nm for the two ions, respectively, was optimized at heating temperature 75°C for 15 minutes at pH = 4 followed by the extraction with ethyl acetate. The percentage of extraction and stability constants for the two complexes was 95.247, 95.335% and , ？M？1, respectively. HPLC method was applied without extraction process. The analytical data obtained from direct calibration curves of UV-visible absorption, FAAS, and HPLC for Au(III) complexes were recovery (100.78, 104.85, and 101.777%, resp.); detection limits (0.7403, 0.0997, and 2.647？μg/ml, resp.); linearity (5–70, 5–30, and 10–150？μg/ml, resp.), and correlation coefficient (0.9991, 0.9967, and 0.9986, resp.). The analytical data obtained from direct calibration curves for Hg(II) complexes by UV-visible spectrophotometry and HPLC were recovery (100.95 and 102.000%, resp.); detection limits (0.5867 and 2.532？μg/ml, resp.); linearity (5–70 and 10–150？μg/ml, resp.); and correlation coefficients (0.9989 and 0.9997, resp.). 1. Introduction Tetracyclines possess a wide range of antimicrobial activity against Gram-positive and Gram-negative bacteria. They have been used not only in human medicine for the treatment of infectious diseases but also as additives in animal feed to promote growth. Beside the pharmacological importance of tetracycline (TC), this molecule possesses many potential metal-binding sites. Therefore a wide range of research work has been reported on chelation of TCs with various metal ions which have been utilized successfully in pharmaceutical analysis [1–15]. Depending on the chosen experimental conditions such as solvent medium, pH, metal ion type, and ligand: metal ratio, the O(10), O(11), and O(12) on the BCD-ring and O(1), O(3), and N(4) in ring A and at the carboxamide group on the A-ring are the main coordination sites that were frequently proposed in the literature [1–6, 16]. Pharmacokinetics and bioavailability of TC are affected by its coordination with metal ions such as calcium in blood plasma and magnesium ion in the intracellular medium [4]. By combining with the copper, zinc, iron, and other trace metal elements in enzymes such as collagenase, tetracyclines inhibit the enzymatic destruction of tissues [5]. Complexes of (TC) with Co(Il), Ni(II), and Fe(III) ions showed
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