As the Automatic Dependent Surveillance-Broadcast (ADS-B) system has gained wide acceptance, additional exploitations of the radioed satellite-based information are topics of current interest. One such opportunity includes the augmentation of the communication ADS-B signal with a random biphase modulation for concurrent use as a radar signal. This paper addresses the formulation and analysis of a suitable noncooperative multitarget tracking method for the ADS-B radar system using radar ranging techniques and particle filter algorithms. In addition, the low-update-rate measurement due to the ADS-B system specification is discussed in order to provide acceptable estimation results. Simulation results show satisfactory tracking capability up to several kilometers with acceptable accuracy. 1. Introduction During the past half century, air traffic management (ATM) has relied heavily on centralized ground stations using primary surveillance radar (PSR) and secondary surveillance radar (SSR) systems. With dramatic increase in the number of aircraft in the future, PSR and SSR will soon reach their limitations in their capability to monitor aerospace traffic patterns and aircraft locations in a timely manner to avoid collisions. Several decentralized approaches have drawn more attention lately thanks to their potential for quicker response and self-reliance. Independent of air traffic control (ATC), the widely used traffic alert and collision avoidance system (TCAS) monitors the airspace around an aircraft and communicates with other aircraft equipped with a corresponding transponder. TCAS is effective and successful in Class A, B, and C airspaces and Class E airspace above 10,000？feet, since aircraft in this airspace are required to be equipped with altitude-reporting transponders. However, TCAS is ineffective for noncooperative aircraft and also in low-altitude Class E and uncontrolled airspace. To enable the transformation of the ATM to a new paradigm that can meet the demand for the next 20 years and beyond, several developmental programs are underway, such as Single European Sky Air traffic Research System (SESAR) in Europe [1], Next Generation Air Transportation System (NextGen) in U.S.A. [2], and Collaborative Actions for Renovation of Air Traffic Systems (CARATS) in Japan [3]. The philosophy is to move away from legacy ground based technologies to a new and more dynamic satellite based technology. A key element of SESAR and NextGen is ADS-B, which uses the Global Navigation Satellite System (GNSS) signals to provide air traffic controllers and pilots
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