Object. It is widely accepted that temporal resective surgery represents an efficacious treatment option for patients with epilepsy of temporal origin. The meticulous knowledge of the potential complications, associated with temporal resective procedures, is of paramount importance. In our current study, we attempt to review the pertinent literature for summating the complications of temporal resective procedures for epilepsy. Method. A PubMed search was performed with the following terms: “behavioral,” “cognitive,” “complication,” “deficit,” “disorder,” “epilepsy,” “hemianopia,” “hemianopsia,” “hemorrhage,” “lobectomy,” “medial,” “memory,” “mesial,” “neurobehavioral,” “neurocognitive,” “neuropsychological,” “psychological,” “psychiatric,” “quadranopia,” “quadranopsia,” “resective,” “side effect,” “surgery,” “temporal,” “temporal lobe,” and “visual field.” Results. There were six pediatric, three mixed-population, and eleven adult surgical series examining the incidence rates of procedure-related complications. The reported mortality rates varied between 0% and 3.5%, although the vast majority of the published series reported no mortality. The cumulative morbidity rates ranged between 3.2% and 88%. Conclusions. Temporal resective surgery for epilepsy is a safe treatment modality. The reported morbidity rates demonstrate a wide variation. Accurate detection and frank reporting of any surgical, neurological, cognitive, and/or psychological complications are of paramount importance for maximizing the safety and improving the patients’ overall outcome. 1. Introduction It is well known that epilepsy constitutes one of the most common neurological clinico-pathological entities, affecting approximately 1% of the general population [1]. It has been estimated, that its prevalence in North America varies between 5 and 10 per 1000 people, and it affects people from all races, ethnicities, and socioeconomic backgrounds [1]. Therefore, epilepsy represents a common clinical condition with significant medical sequences but also serious social and economic ramifications. It has been demonstrated that temporal lobe epilepsy represents by far the most common form of focal epilepsy in adults, while it is one of the most common forms of epilepsy in children [2–7]. Temporal lobe epilepsy usually presents with simple and/or complex partial seizures, although the underlying pathology may be any of a wide spectrum of pathological entities, such as hippocampal sclerosis, low grade glial tumors (dysembryoplastic neuroepithelial tumor, ganglioglioma, and oligodendroglioma),
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