Aim. This study aims to investigate the possible role of H. pylori as a cause of laryngeal squamous cell carcinoma. Method. This controlled study was performed with 31 consecutive laryngeal cancer and 28 cancer-free patients who underwent direct laryngoscopy and biopsy of laryngeal lesions. To document the previous H. pylori infection, serological analysis of the antibody titers was done. Immunohistochemical analyses were applied to the tissue samples. Results. Serology was found positive at the 90.3% of the laryngeal cancer patients and 96.4% of the benign group. There were no statistically significant differences between the two groups ( ). Immunohistochemical analysis results were determined as negative at all of the specimens of laryngeal cancer patients and patients with benign lesions. Conclusion. There were no signs of colonization of H. pylori in laryngeal tissues of both groups' patients. It is thought that no relationship exists between the H. pylori infection and laryngeal squamous cell carcinoma. 1. Introduction Laryngeal squamous cell carcinoma (LSCC) is one of the common cancers of the upper aerodigestive system. It accounts for 25% of all the cancers of head and neck and 2-3% of the cancers of the whole body [1]. Tobacco is the most important risk factor for the LSCC. The other risk factors might be some viruses, bacteria, diet type, radiation exposure, gastroesophageal reflux, occupation, and genetical inheritance [2]. H. pylori, a helical shaped gram-negative microaerobic bacterium which was described as a type 1 carcinogen by the International Agency for Research on Cancer Working Group (IARC-1994), is related to gastric cancer and MALT lymphoma [3, 4]. H. pylori has also been shown in the oral cavity, dental plaques, and saliva [5]. The existence of H. pylori in the oral cavity and stomach can indicate the colonization of the bacteria in the laryngeal mucosa. It is suggested that H. pylori might play a role in the development of laryngeal cancer by forming chronical inflammation and raising the exposure to the carcinogens by destroying mucosal and immune barriers. There are several studies investigating the relationship between H. pylori and laryngeal cancer, the results of which still show conflict about the subject [6–12]. The aim of the present study is to investigate the existence of H. pylori in the laryngeal specimens of the patients with the diagnosis of LSCC and to make a comparison with the patients with benign larynx pathologies. 2. Patients and Method A total of 59 patients with laryngeal pathologies were enrolled in the
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