The Hyptis genus has more than 400 species, many of them being used in folk medicine to treat several conditions. Some anticancer compounds have been isolated from plants of this genus, and for that reason we decided to investigate the potential in vivo antitumor activity of extracts of leaves of Hyptis mutabilis with different polarities (hexane, methanol, water, and hot water) against two mice tumors: sarcoma 180 and Ehrlich solid tumor. Phytochemical analysis revealed strong presence of steroids, saponins, flavonoids (mainly dihydroflavanols), and catechins. Acute toxicity was perfomed according to the up-and-down method showing LD50 values ranging from 100 up to 2500？mg/kg. Antitumor activity was investigated using 10% of the LD50 for each extract. Methotrexate was used as positive control. Both aqueous extracts showed strong inhibition of tumor growth with values up to 70% of inhibition growth for sarcoma 180. Ehrlich solid tumor was only slight inhibited by hexane extract (38.6%). In conclusion, the aqueous extracts of H. mutabilis showed promising results against sarcoma 180 mice tumor. 1. Introduction The genus Hyptis (Lamiaceae) has more than 400 species distributed in tropical regions of Americas and Africa [1–3]. Several species of this genus are aromatic and used in folk medicine to treat digestives disorders, pain, gastrointestinal problems, and skin infections [4]. Many pharmacological properties of the genus Hyptis have been reported: that is, antimicrobial [5, 6], antiulcer and gastroprotective [7], larvicidal [8], antidepressant [9], and anti-inflammatory and antinociceptive [10, 11]. From the phytochemical point of view, the genus has been extensively studied: terpenoids, including monoterpenes and sesquiterpenes present in essential oil, flavonoids, lactones, lignans, and alkaloids were isolated and identified [12]. The anticancer agents 3′-demethyldesoxypodophyllotoxin and betulinic acid were isolated from plants of this genus [13]. Based on these findings, we evaluated the antitumor activity of Hyptis mutabilis (A. Rich.) Briq. against murine tumors in these work. 2. Methodology Male Swiss mice (20–25？g) were obtained from the animal facilities of the Department of Antibiotics of the Federal University of Pernambuco. All animals were kept under standard conditions, with temperature at 25 ± 2°C, 12？h light/dark cycle, and relative humidity, with food and water ad libitum. Experiments were carried out in accordance with the ethical principles of The Brazilian College of Animal Experiments and the National Institute of Health Guide for
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