Wireless sensor networks have gained worldwide attention in recent years due to the advances made in wireless communication. Unequal energy dissipation causes the nodes to fail. The factors causing the unequal energy dissipation are, firstly, the distance between the nodes and base station and, secondly, the distance between the nodes themselves. Using traditional methods, it is difficult to obtain the high precision of solution as the problem is NP hard. The routing in wireless networks is a combinatorial optimization problem; hence, genetic algorithms can provide optimized solution to energy efficient shortest path. The proposed algorithm has its inherent advantage that it keeps the elite solutions in the next generation so as to quickly converge towards the global optima also during path selection; it takes into account the energy balance of the network, so that the life time of the network can be prolonged. The results show that the algorithm is efficient for finding the optimal energy constrained route as they can converge faster than other traditional methods used for combinatorial optimization problems. 1. Introduction A wireless sensor network (WSN) consists of randomly/manually deployed sensors that sense the physical or environmental events and send the data to the base station. A large number of small, inexpensive, disposable, and autonomous sensor nodes are generally deployed in an ad hoc manner in vast geographical areas for remote operations. Sensor nodes in a WSN are constrained in storage capacity, computation power, bandwidth, and power supply [1–3]. The development of low-cost, low-power, multifunctional sensor has received increasing attention from various industries. Sensor nodes are smaller in size and capable of sensing, gathering, and processing data. They also communicate with other nodes in the network, via radio frequency (RF) channel. The areas of applications of WSNs vary from civil, healthcare, and environmental to military [4]. Recent advances in WSN have led to searching for new routing schemes for wireless sensors where energy awareness is essential consideration. Traditional networks aim to achieve high quality of service (QoS) provisions; thus sensor network schemes must focus primarily on power conservation. Though there are some similarities between the WSN and ad hoc network, like both are multihop communications, they differ in many ways. Some of the power-aware routing protocols proposed for ad hoc networks can be examined for energy constraints, but ad hoc routing techniques proposed in the literature are not
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