[1] | Burd M (1994) Bateman's principle and plant reproduction: the role of pollen limitation in fruit and seed set. Bot Rev 60: 83–139. doi: 10.1007/bf02856594
|
[2] | Larson BMH, Barrett SCH (2000) A comparative analysis of pollen limitation in flowering plants. Biol J Linn Soc 69: 503–520. doi: 10.1111/j.1095-8312.2000.tb01221.x
|
[3] | Ashman TL, Knight TM, Steets JA, Amarasekare P, Burd M, et al. (2004) Pollen limitation of plant reproduction: ecological and evolutionary causes and consequences. Ecology 85(9): 2408–2421. doi: 10.1890/03-8024
|
[4] | Knight TM, Steets JA, Vamosi JC, Mazer SJ, Burd M, et al. (2005) Pollen limitation of plant reproduction: pattern and process. Annu Rev Ecol Evol S 36: 467–497. doi: 10.1146/annurev.ecolsys.36.102403.115320
|
[5] | Ollerton J, Winfree R, Tarrant S (2011) How many flowering plants are pollinated by animals? Oikos 120: 321–326 doi:10.1111/j.1600-0706.2010.18644.x.
|
[6] | Bawa KS, Perry DR, Beach JH (1985) Reproductive biology of tropical lowland rain Forest Trees. I. Sexual systems and incompatibility mechanisms. Am J Bot 72: 331–345. doi: 10.2307/2443526
|
[7] | Kress WJ, Beach JH (1994) Flowering plant reproductive systems. In: McDade LA, Bawa KS, Hespenheide HA, Hartshorn GS, editors. La Selva: ecology and natural history of a Neotropical rainforest. Chicago: The University of Chicago Press. 161–182.
|
[8] | Janzen DH (1970) Herbivores and the number of tree species in tropical forests. Am Nat 104(940): 501–528. doi: 10.1086/282687
|
[9] | Connell JH (1971) On the role of natural enemies in preventing competitive exclusion in some marine animals and in rain forest trees. In: Den Boer PJ, Gradwell GR, editors. Dynamics of populations: Proceedings of the advanced study institute on dynamics of numbers of populations. Wageningen: Center for Agricultural Publishing and Documentation. 298–310.
|
[10] | Ghazoul J, Sheil D (2010) Tropical rain forest ecology, diversity, and conservation. New York: Oxford University Press. 496 p.
|
[11] | Myers N, Mittermeier RA, Mittermeier CG, Fonseca GAB, Kent J (2000) Biodiversity hotspots for conservation priorities. Nature 403: 853–858. doi: 10.1038/35002501
|
[12] | Vamosi JC, Knight TM, Steets JA, Mazer SJ, Burd M, et al. (2006) Pollination decays in biodiversity hotspots. P Natl Acad Sci USA 103(4): 956–961. doi: 10.1073/pnas.0507165103
|
[13] | Vamosi JC, Steets JA, Ashman T-L (2013) Drivers of pollen limitation: macroecological interactions between breeding system, rarity, and diversity. Plant Ecol & Diver 6(2): 171–180 DOI: 10.1080/17550874.2013.769130.
|
[14] | Alonso C, Vamosi JC, Knight TM, Steets JA, Ashman T-L (2010) Is reproduction of endemic plant species particularly pollen limited in biodiversity hotspots? Oikos 119: 1192–1200. doi: 10.1111/j.1600-0706.2009.18026.x
|
[15] | Karron JD (1987) The pollination ecology of co-occurring geographically restricted and widespread species of Astragalus (Fabaceae). Biol Conserv 39: 179–193. doi: 10.1016/0006-3207(87)90033-4
|
[16] | Rymer PD, Whelan RJ, Ayre DJ, Weston PH, Russell KG (2005) Reproductive success and pollinator effectiveness differ in common and rare Persoonia species (Proteaceae). Biol Conserv 123: 521–532. doi: 10.1016/j.biocon.2005.01.002
|
[17] | Mittermeier RA, Gil PR, HoVmann M, Pilgrim J, Brooks J, et al.. (2004) Hotspots revisited: earth's biologically richest and most endangered terrestrial ecoregions. Washington: Cemex. 392 p.
|
[18] | Ribeiro MC, Metzger JP, Martensen AC, Ponzoni FJ, Hirota MM (2009) The Brazilian Atlantic Forest: How much is left, and how is the remaining forest distributed? Implications for conservation. Biol Conserv 142: 1141–1153. doi: 10.1016/j.biocon.2009.02.021
|
[19] | Stehmann JR, Forzza R, Salino A, Sobral M, Costa DP, et al.. (2009) Plantas da Floresta Atlantica. Rio de Janeiro: Jardim Botanico do Rio de Janeiro. 516 p.
|
[20] | Maués MM, Varassin IG, Freitas L, Machado ICS, Oliveira PEAM (2012) A importancia dos polinizadores nos biomas brasileiros, conhecimento atual e perspectivas futuras para conserva??o. In: Imperatiz-Fonseca VL, Canhos DAL, Alves DA, Saraiva AM, editors. Polinizadores no Brasil. S?o Paulo: Edusp. 49–66.
|
[21] | Freitas L, Wolowski M, Sigiliano ML (2010) Ocorrência de limita??o polínica em plantas de Mata Atlantica. Oecologia Australis 14: 251–265. doi: 10.4257/oeco.2010.1401.15
|
[22] | Wilcock C, Neiland R (2002) Pollination failure in plants: why it happens and when it matters. Trends Plant Sci 7(6): 270–277. doi: 10.1016/s1360-1385(02)02258-6
|
[23] | Memmott J, Waser N, Price M (2004) Tolerance of pollination networks to species extinctions. P Roy Soc Lond B Bio 271: 2605–2611. doi: 10.1098/rspb.2004.2909
|
[24] | Johnson SD, Steiner KE (2000) Generalization versus specialization in plant pollination systems. TREE 15(4): 140–143. doi: 10.1016/s0169-5347(99)01811-x
|
[25] | Fenster CB, Armbruster WS, Wilson P, Dudash MR, Thomson JD (2004) Pollination syndromes and floral specialization. Annu Rev Ecol Evol S 35: 375–403. doi: 10.1146/annurev.ecolsys.34.011802.132347
|
[26] | Ollerton J, Killick A, Lamborn E, Watts S, Whiston M (2007) Multiple meanings and modes: on the many ways to be a generalist flower. Taxon 56(3): 717–728. doi: 10.2307/25065856
|
[27] | Davila YC, Elle E, Vamosi JC, Hermanutz L, Kerr JT, et al. (2012) Ecosystem services of pollinator diversity: a review of the relationship with pollen limitation of plant reproduction. Botany 90(7): 535–543. doi: 10.1139/b2012-017
|
[28] | Marten-Rodriguez S, Fenster CB (2010) Pollen limitation and reproductive assurance in Antillean Gesnerieae: a specialists vs. generalist comparison. Ecology 91(1): 155–165. doi: 10.1890/08-2115.1
|
[29] | Hegland SJ, Totland ? (2008) Is the magnitude of pollen limitation in a plant community affected by pollinator visitation and plant species specialization levels? Oikos 117: 883–891. doi: 10.1111/j.0030-1299.2008.16561.x
|
[30] | Harder LD, Aizen MA (2010) Floral adaptation and diversification under pollen limitation. Philos T Roy Soc B 365: 529–543. doi: 10.1098/rstb.2009.0226
|
[31] | de Nettancourt D (1977) Incompatibility in angiosperms. Berlin: Springer-Verlag. 230 p.
|
[32] | Aizen MA, Harder LD (2007) Expanding the limits of the pollen limitation concept: effects of pollen quantity and quality. Ecology 88(2): 271–281. doi: 10.1890/06-1017
|
[33] | Motten AF (1986) Pollination ecology of the spring wildflower community of a temperate deciduous forest. Ecol Monogr 56(1): 21–42. doi: 10.2307/2937269
|
[34] | González AV, Pérez F (2010) Pollen limitation and reproductive assurance in the flora of the coastal Atacama desert. Int J Plant Sci 171(6): 607–614. doi: 10.1086/653135
|
[35] | Oliveira-Filho AT, Fontes MAL (2000) Patterns of floristic differentiation among Atlantic Forests in Southeastern Brazil and the influence of climate. Biotropica 32(4b): 793–810. doi: 10.1111/j.1744-7429.2000.tb00619.x
|
[36] | Wheelwright NT, Dukeshire EE, Fontaine JB, Gutow SH, Moeller DA, et al. (2005) Pollinator limitation, autogamy and minimal inbreeding depression in insect-pollinated plants on a boreal island. Am Midl Nat 155: 19–38. doi: 10.1674/0003-0031(2006)155[0019:plaami]2.0.co;2
|
[37] | Andalo C, Cruzan MB, Cazettes C, Pujol B, Burrus M, et al. (2010) Post-pollination barriers do not explain the persistence of two distinct Antirrhinum subspecies with parapatric distribution. Plant Syst Evol 286: 223–234. doi: 10.1007/s00606-010-0303-4
|
[38] | Knight TM, Steets JA, Ashman T-L (2006) A quantitative synthesis of pollen supplementation experiments highlights the contribution of resource reallocation to estimates of pollen limitation. Am J Bot 93(2): 271–277. doi: 10.3732/ajb.93.2.271
|
[39] | Zapata TR, Arroyo MTK (1978) Plant reproductive ecology of a secondary deciduous tropical forest in Venezuela. Biotropica 10(3): 221–230. doi: 10.2307/2387907
|
[40] | Lloyd DG, Schoen DJ (1992) Self- and cross-fertilization in plants. I. Functional dimensions. Int J Plant Sci 153: 358–369. doi: 10.1086/297040
|
[41] | Cooper H, Hedges LV, Valentine JC (2009) The handbook of research synthesis and meta-analysis. New York: Russel Sage Foundation. 615 p.
|
[42] | Hedges LV, Olkin I (1985) Statistical methods for meta-analysis. San Diego: Academic Press. 369 p.
|
[43] | Viechtbauer W (2010) Conducting meta-analyses in R with the metafor package. J Stat Softw 36(3): 1–4.
|
[44] | R Development Core Team (2012) R: A language and environment for statistical computing. R Foundation for Statistical Computing. Available: http://www.R-project.org/. Accessed 22 April 2012.
|
[45] | Lajeunesse MJ (2009) Meta-analysis and the comparative phylogenetic method. Am Nat 174: 369–381. doi: 10.1086/603628
|
[46] | Angiosperm Phylogeny Group (2009) An update of the Angiosperm Phylogeny Group classification for the orders and families of flowering plants: APG III. Biol J Linn Soc 161(2): 105–121. doi: 10.1111/j.1095-8339.2009.00996.x
|
[47] | Webb CO, Donoghue MJ (2004) Phylomatic: tree retrieval for applied phylogenetics. Mol Ecol Notes 5: 181–183. doi: 10.1111/j.1471-8286.2004.00829.x
|
[48] | Wikstr?m N, Savolainen V, Chase MW (2001) Evolution of the angiosperms calibrating the family tree. P Roy Soc Lond B Bio 268: 2211–2220. doi: 10.1098/rspb.2001.1782
|
[49] | Webb CO, Ackerly DD, Kembel SW (2008) Phylocom: software for the analysis of phylogenetic community structure and trait evolution. Bioinformatics 24: 2098–2100. doi: 10.1093/bioinformatics/btn358
|
[50] | Ramírez N, Brito Y (1990) Reproductive of a tropical palm swamp community in the Venezuelan llanos. Am J Bot 77: 1260–1271. doi: 10.2307/2444587
|
[51] | Stephenson AG (1981) Flower and fruit abortion: proximate causes and ultimate functions. Annu Rev Ecol Evol S 12: 432–440. doi: 10.1146/annurev.es.12.110181.001345
|
[52] | Haig D, Westoby M (1988) On limits to seed production. Am Nat 131: 757–759. doi: 10.1086/284817
|
[53] | Zimmerman M, Pyke GH (1988) Reproduction in Polemonium: assessing the factors limiting seed set. Am Nat 131: 723–738. doi: 10.1086/284815
|
[54] | Alonso C, Herrera CM, Ashman T-L (2012) A piece of the puzzle: a method for comparing pollination quality and quantity across multiple species and reproductive events. New Phytol 193: 532–542. doi: 10.1111/j.1469-8137.2011.03932.x
|
[55] | Wolowski M, Ashman T-L, Freitas L (2013) Community-wide assessment of pollen limitation in hummingbird-pollinated plants of a tropical montane rainforest. Ann Bot-London 112(5): 903–910.
|
[56] | Gómez JM, Abdelaziz M, Lorite J, Jesús Mu?oz-Pajares A, et al. (2010) Changes in pollinator fauna cause spatial variation in pollen limitation. J Ecol 98: 1243–1252. doi: 10.1111/j.1365-2745.2010.01691.x
|
[57] | Gong YB, Huang SQ (2009) Floral symmetry: pollinator-mediated stabilizing selection on flower size in bilateral species. P Roy Soc Lond B Bio 276: 4013–4020. doi: 10.1098/rspb.2009.1254
|
[58] | Ushimaru A, Dohzono I, Takami Y, Hyodo F (2009) Flower orientation enhances pollen transfer in bilaterally symmetrical flowers. Oecologia 160(4): 667–674. doi: 10.1007/s00442-009-1334-9
|
[59] | Kearns C, Inouye DW, Waser NM (1998) Endangered mutualisms: the conservation of plant-pollinator interactions. Annu Rev Ecol Syst 29: 83–112. doi: 10.1146/annurev.ecolsys.29.1.83
|
[60] | Dobson A, Lodge D, Alder J, Cumming GS, Keymer J, et al. (2006) Habitat loss, trophic collapse, and the decline of ecosystem services. Ecology 87(8): 1915–1924. doi: 10.1890/0012-9658(2006)87[1915:hltcat]2.0.co;2
|
[61] | Ghazoul J (2005) Pollen and seed dispersal among dispersed plants. Biol Rev 80: 413–443. doi: 10.1017/s1464793105006731
|
[62] | Benzing DH (2000) Bromeliaceae profile of an adaptive radiation. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press. 710 p.
|
[63] | Martini AMZ, Fiaschi P, Amorim AM, da Paix?o JL (2007) A hot-point within a hot-spot: a high diversity site in Brazil's Atlantic Forest. Biodiver Conserv 16: 3111–3128. doi: 10.1007/s10531-007-9166-6
|
[64] | Werneck MS, Sobral MEG, Rocha CTV, Landau EC, Stehmann JR (2011) Distribution and endemism of angiosperms in the Atlantic Forest. Nat Conservacao 9(2): 188–193. doi: 10.4322/natcon.2011.024
|
[65] | Burd M, Ashman T-L, Campbell DR, Dudash MR, Johnston MO, et al. (2009) Ovule number per flower in a world of unpredictable pollination. Am J Bot 96(6): 1159–1167. doi: 10.3732/ajb.0800183
|
[66] | SOS Mata Atlantica, Instituto Nacional de Pesquisas Espaciais (2008) Atlas dos remanescentes florestais da Mata Atlantica, período de 2005 a 2008. Available: http://www.sosmatatlantica.org.br. Accessed 14 January 2013.
|