[1] | Nijhout HF (1991) The development and evolution of butterfly wing patterns. Washington: Smithsonian Institution Press. 297 p.
|
[2] | Nijhout HF (2001) Elements of butterfly wing patterns. J Exp Zool 291: 213–225. doi: 10.1002/jez.1099
|
[3] | Otaki JM (2012) Color pattern analysis of nymphalid butterfly wings: Revision of the nymphalid groundplan. Zool Sci 29: 568–576. doi: 10.2108/zsj.29.568
|
[4] | Ghiradella H (1998) Hairs, bristles and scales. In: Harrison FW, Locke M, editors. Microscopic anatomy of invertebrates, Volume 11: Insecta. New York: John Wiley & Sons. 257–287.
|
[5] | Kristensen NP, Simonsen TJ (2003) Hairs and scales. In: Kristensen NP, editor. Lepidoptera, moths and butterflies: morphology, physiology, and development. Handbook of zoology, Volume IV, Anthropoda: Insecta. Berlin: Walter de Gruyter. 9–22.
|
[6] | Yoshida A (1988) Scale arrangement on lepidopteran wings. Special Bull Lepidopterol Soc Jpn 6: 447–464 (In Japanese)..
|
[7] | Yoshida A, Shinkawa T, Aoki K (1983) Periodical arrangement on lepidopteran (butterfly and moth) wings. Proc Jpn Acad 59B: 236–239. doi: 10.2183/pjab.59.236
|
[8] | Yoshida A, Aoki K (1989) Scale arrangement pattern in a lepidopteran wing. 1. Periodic cellular pattern in the pupal wing of Pieris rapae. Dev Growth Differ 31: 601–609. doi: 10.1111/j.1440-169x.1989.00601.x
|
[9] | Nijhout HF (1980) Ontogeny of the color pattern on the wings of Precis coenia. Dev Biol 80: 275–288. doi: 10.1016/0012-1606(80)90404-2
|
[10] | Nijhout HF (1980) Pattern formation on lepidopteran wings: determination of an eyespot. Dev Biol 80: 267–274. doi: 10.1016/0012-1606(80)90403-0
|
[11] | Nijhout HF (1985) Cautery-induced colour patterns in Precis coenia (Lepidoptera: Nymphalidae). J Embryol Exp Morphol 86: 191–203.
|
[12] | French V, Brakefield PM (1992) The development of eyespot patterns on butterfly wings: morphogen sources or sinks? Development 116: 103–109.
|
[13] | Brakefield PM, French V (1995) Eyespot development on butterfly wings: the epidermal response to damage. Dev Biol 168: 98–111. doi: 10.1006/dbio.1995.1064
|
[14] | Saenko SV, Brakefield PM, Beldade P (2010) Single locus affects embryonic segment polarity and multiple aspects of an adult evolutionary novelty. BMC Biol 8: 111. doi: 10.1186/1741-7007-8-111
|
[15] | Otaki JM, Ogasawara T, Yamamoto H (2005) Tungstate-induced color-pattern modifications of butterfly wings are independent of stress response and ecdysteroid effect. Zool Sci 22: 635–644. doi: 10.2108/zsj.22.635
|
[16] | Mahdi SH, Gima S, Tomita Y, Yamasaki H, Otaki JM (2010) Physiological characterization of the cold-shock-induced humoral factor for wing color-pattern changes in butterflies. J Insect Physiol 56: 1022–1031. doi: 10.1016/j.jinsphys.2010.02.013
|
[17] | Dhungel B, Otaki JM (2013) Larval temperature experience determines sensitivity to cold-shock-induced wing color pattern changes in the blue pansy butterfly Junonia orithya. J Thermal Biol 38: 427–433. doi: 10.1016/j.jtherbio.2013.06.002
|
[18] | Otaki JM (2007) Reversed type of color-pattern modifications of butterfly wings: a physiological mechanism of wing-wide color-pattern determination. J Insect Physiol 53: 526–537. doi: 10.1016/j.jinsphys.2007.02.005
|
[19] | Otaki JM (2011) Artificially induced colour-pattern changes in butterflies: dynamic signal interactions. Sci Rep 1: 111. doi: 10.1038/srep00111
|
[20] | Otaki JM (2012) Structural analysis of eyespots: dynamics of morphogenic signals that govern elemental positions in butterfly wings. BMC Syst Biol 6: 17. doi: 10.1186/1752-0509-6-17
|
[21] | Otaki JM, Ogasawara T, Yamamoto H (2005) Morphological comparison of pupal wing cuticle patterns in butterflies. Zool Sci 22: 21–34. doi: 10.2108/zsj.22.21
|
[22] | Dhungel B, Otaki JM (2009) Local pharmacological effects of tungstate on the color-pattern determination of butterfly wings: a possible relationship between the eyespot and parafocal element. Zool Sci 26: 758–764. doi: 10.2108/zsj.26.758
|
[23] | Otaki JM (2009) Color-pattern analysis of parafocal elements in butterfly wings. Entomol Sci 12: 74–83. doi: 10.1111/j.1479-8298.2009.00306.x
|
[24] | Otaki JM (2011) Generation of butterfly wing eyespot patterns: a model for morphological determination of eyespot and parafocal element. Zool Sci 28: 817–827. doi: 10.2108/zsj.28.817
|
[25] | Carroll SB, Gates J, Keys DN, Paddock SW, Panganiban GE, et al. (1994) Pattern formation and eyespot determination in butterfly wings. Science 265: 109–114. doi: 10.1126/science.7912449
|
[26] | Brakefield PM, Gates J, Keys D, Kesbeke F, Wijngaarden PJ, et al. (1996) Development, plasticity and evolution of butterfly eyespot patterns. Nature 384: 236–242. doi: 10.1038/384236a0
|
[27] | Beldade P, Brakefield PM, Long AD (2002) Contribution of Distal-less to quantitative variation in butterfly eyespots. Nature 415: 315–318. doi: 10.1038/415315a
|
[28] | Reed RD, Serfas MS (2004) Butterfly wing pattern evolution is associated with changes in a Notch/Distal-less temporal pattern formation process. Curr Biol 14: 1159–1166. doi: 10.1016/j.cub.2004.06.046
|
[29] | Monteiro A, Glaser G, Stockslager S, Glansdrop N, Ramos D (2006) Comparative insights into questions of lepidopteran wing pattern homology. BMC Dev Biol 6: 52.
|
[30] | Shirai LT, Saenko SV, Keller RA, Jerónimo MA, Brakefield PM, et al. (2012) Evolutionary history of the recruitment of conserved developmental genes in association to the formation and diversification of a novel trait. BMC Evol Biol 12: 21. doi: 10.1186/1471-2148-12-21
|
[31] | Monteiro A, Chen B, Ramos DM, Oliver JC, Tong X, et al. (2013) Distal-Less regulates eyespot patterns and melanization in Bicyclus butterflies. J Exp Zool B Mol Dev Evol 320: 321–331. doi: 10.1002/jez.b.22503
|
[32] | Otaki JM, Yamamoto H (2004) Species-specific color-pattern modifications of butterfly wings. Dev Growth Differ 46: 1–14. doi: 10.1111/j.1440-169x.2004.00721.x
|
[33] | Otaki JM (2008) Physiologically induced color-pattern changes in butterfly wings: mechanistic and evolutionary implications. J Insect Physiol 55: 174–182. doi: 10.1016/j.jinsphys.2008.05.006
|
[34] | Hiyama A, Taira W, Otaki JM (2012) Color-pattern evolution in response to environmental stress in butterflies. Front Genet 3: 15. doi: 10.3389/fgene.2012.00015
|
[35] | Kuntze H (1935) Die Flügelentwicklung bei Philosamia cynthia Drury, mit besonderer Berücksichtigung des Ge?ders der Lakunen und der Tracheensysteme. Z Morphol ?kol Tiere 30: 544–572 (In German).. doi: 10.1007/bf00403137
|
[36] | Kühn A (1954) Vorlesungen unber Entwicklungsphysiologie. Berlin: Springer-Verlag. (In German).
|
[37] | Greenstein ME (1972) The ultrastructure of developing wings in the giant silkmoth, Hyalophora cecropia. II. Scale-forming and socket-forming cells. J Morphol 136: 23–52. doi: 10.1002/jmor.1051360103
|
[38] | Galant R, Skeath JB, Passock S, Lewis DL, Carroll SB (1998) Expression pattern of a butterfly achaete-scute homolog reveals the homology of butterfly wing scales and insect sensory bristles. Curr Biol 8: 807–813. doi: 10.1016/s0960-9822(98)70322-7
|
[39] | Reed RD (2004) Evidence for Notch-mediated lateral inhibition in organizing butterfly wing scales. Dev Genes Evol 214: 43–46. doi: 10.1007/s00427-003-0366-0
|
[40] | Süffert F (1929) Die Ausbildung des imaginalen Flügelschnittes in der Schmetterlingspuppe. Z Morphol ?kol Tiere 14: 338–359. doi: 10.1007/bf00419303
|
[41] | Yoshida A, Aoki K (1989) Scale arrangement pattern along the wing margin of a small white cabbage butterfly (Lepidoptera: Pieridae). Morph Histol Fine Struct 94: 467–470. doi: 10.1603/0013-8746(2001)094[0467:bdatwm]2.0.co;2
|
[42] | Dohrmann CE, Nijhout HF (1990) Development of the wing margin in Precis coenia (Lepidoptera: Nymphalidae). J Res Lepidoptera 27: 151–159.
|
[43] | Kodama R, Yoshida A, Mitsui T (1995) Programmed cell death at the periphery of the pupal wing of the butterfly, Pieris rapae. Roux Arch Dev Biol 20: 418–426. doi: 10.1007/bf00360849
|
[44] | Macdonald WP, Martin A, Reed RD (2010) Butterfly wings shaped by a molecular cookie cutter: evolutionary radiation of lepidopteran wing shapes associated with a derived Cut/wingless wing margin boundary system. Evol Dev 12: 296–304. doi: 10.1111/j.1525-142x.2010.00415.x
|
[45] | Kusaba K, Otaki JM (2009) Positional dependence of scale size and shape in butterfly wings: wing-wide phenotypic coordination of color-pattern elements and background. J Insect Physiol 55: 174–182. doi: 10.1016/j.jinsphys.2008.11.006
|
[46] | Dhungel B, Otaki JM (2013) Morphometric analysis of nymphalid butterfly wings: number, size and arrangement of scales, and their implications for tissue-size determination. Entomol Sci DOI: 10.1111/ens.12046.
|
[47] | Koch PB, Merk R, Reinhardt R, Weber P (2003) Localization of ecdysone receptor protein during colour pattern formation in wings of the butterfly Precis coenia (Lepidoptera: Nymphalidae) and co-expression with Distal-less protein. Dev Gene Evol 212: 571–584.
|
[48] | Ohno Y, Otaki JM (2012) Eyespot colour pattern determination by serial induction in fish: Mechanistic convergence with butterfly eyespots. Sci Rep 2: 290. doi: 10.1038/srep00290
|
[49] | Henke K (1946) über die verschiedenen Zellteilungsvorgange in der Entwicklung des beschuppten Flügelepithels der Mehlmotte Ephestia kühniella Z. Biologisches Zentralblatt 65, 120–135. (In German).
|
[50] | Henke K, Pohley H-J (1952) Differentielle Zellteilungen und Polyploedie bei der Schuppenbildung der Mehlmotte Ephestia kühniella. Z Naturforsch Abt B 7: 65–79 (In German)..
|
[51] | Cho EH, Nijhout HF (2012) Development of polyploidy of scale-building cells in the wings of Manduca sexta. Arthropod Struct Dev 42, 37–46.
|
[52] | Otaki JM (2011) Color-pattern analysis of eyespots in butterfly wings: a critical examination of morphogen gradient models. Zool Sci 28: 403–413. doi: 10.2108/zsj.28.403
|
[53] | Iwata M, Hiyama A, Otaki JM (2013) System-dependent regulations of colour-pattern development: a mutagenesis study of the pale grass blue butterfly Zizeeria maha. Sci Rep 3: 2379. doi: 10.1038/srep02379
|
[54] | Alexandre C, Baena-Lopez A, Vincent J-P (2014) Patterning and growth control by membrane-tethered Wingless. Nature 505: 180–185. doi: 10.1038/nature12879
|
[55] | Dhungel B, Ohno Y, Matayoshi R, Otaki JM (2013) Baculovirus-mediated gene transfer in butterfly wings in vivo: an efficient expression system with an anti-gp64 antibody. BMC Biotechnol 13: 27. doi: 10.1186/1472-6750-13-27
|