The Interconnection between the Coordinate Distribution of Mueller-Matrixes Images Characteristic Values of Biological Liquid Crystals Net and the Pathological Changes of Human Tissues
We have theoretically grounded conceptions of characteristic points observed in coordinate distributions of Mueller matrix elements for a network of human tissue biological crystals. The interrelation between polarization singularities of laser images inherent to these biological crystals and characteristic values of above matrix elements is found. We have determined the criteria for statistical diagnostics of pathological changes in the birefringent structure of biological crystal network by using myometrium tissue as an example. 1. Introduction In recent years, in laser diagnostics of biological tissue (BT) structures they effectively use the model approach [1] that allows considering this object as containing two components: amorphous and optically anisotropic ones. Topicality of this modeling is related with the possibility to apply the Mueller matrix analysis of changes in polarization properties caused by transformation of the optic-and-geometric structure of anisotropic components in these biological objects [2–7], optical properties of which are often described using the Mueller matrix [8]. Being based on the approximation of a single light scattering, they found interrelation between the set of statistic distribution moments of the first to fourth orders that characterizes orientation and phase structure of BT birefringent architectonics as well as the set of respective moments [9] for two-dimensional distributions of Mueller matrix elements or Mueller-matrix images (MMIs) [10–14], that is, as it was done during the investigation of random phase objects [15]. In parallel with traditional statistical investigations, formed in the recent 10 to 15 years is the new optical approach to describe a structure of polarization inhomogeneous fields in the case of scattered coherent radiation. The main feature of this approach is the analysis of definite polarization states to determine the whole structure of coordinate distributions for azimuths and ellipticities of polarization. The so-called polarization singularities are commonly used as the following states [15–32].(i)States with linear polarization when the direction of rotation for the electric field vector is indefinite, the so-called -points.(ii)Circularly-polarized states when the azimuth of polarization for the electric field vector is indefinite, the so-called -points. Investigations of polarization inhomogeneous object fields for BT with different morphology [33–35] allowed us to ascertain that they possess a developed network of - and -points. For example in [34], the authors found
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