[1] | Ray KK, Seshasai SR, Erqou S, Sever P, Jukema JW et al. (2010) Statins and all-cause mortality in high-risk primary prevention: a meta-analysis of 11 randomized controlled trials involving 65,229 participants. Arch Intern Med 170: 1024-1031. doi:10.1001/archinternmed.2010.182. PubMed: 20585067.
|
[2] | Thomsen RW, Hundborg HH, Johnsen SP, Pedersen L, S?rensen HT et al. (2006) Statin use and mortality within 180 days after bacteremia: a population-based cohort study. Crit Care Med 34: 1080-1086. doi:10.1097/01.CCM.0000207345.92928.E4. PubMed: 16484926.
|
[3] | Kwak B, Mulhaupt F, Myit S, Mach F (2000) Statins as a newly recognized type of immunomodulator. Nat Med 6: 1399-1402. doi:10.1038/82219. PubMed: 11100127.
|
[4] | Blum A, Shamburek R (2009) The pleiotropic effects of statins on endothelial function, vascular inflammation, immunomodulation and thrombogenesis. Atherosclerosis 203: 325-330. doi:10.1016/j.atherosclerosis.2008.08.022. PubMed: 18834985.
|
[5] | Khurana V, Bejjanki HR, Caldito G, Owens MW (2007) Statins reduce the risk of lung cancer in humans: a large case-control study of US veterans. Chest 131: 1282-1288. doi:10.1378/chest.06-0931. PubMed: 17494779.
|
[6] | Rothwell C, Lebreton A, Young Ng C, Lim JY, Liu W et al. (2009) Cholesterol biosynthesis modulation regulates dengue viral replication. Virology 389: 8-19. doi:10.1016/j.virol.2009.03.025. PubMed: 19419745.
|
[7] | Katano H, Pesnicak L, Cohen JI (2004) Simvastatin induces apoptosis of Epstein-Barr virus (EBV)-transformed lymphoblastoid cell lines and delays development of EBV lymphomas. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 101: 4960-4965. doi:10.1073/pnas.0305149101. PubMed: 15041742.
|
[8] | Khanna KV, Whaley KJ, Zeitlin L, Moench TR, Mehrazar K et al. (2002) Vaginal transmission of cell-associated HIV-1 in the mouse is blocked by a topical, membrane-modifying agent. J Clin Invest 109: 205-211. doi:10.1172/JCI200213236. PubMed: 11805132.
|
[9] | Pucadyil TJ, Tewary P, Madhubala R, Chattopadhyay A (2004) Cholesterol is required for Leishmania donovani infection: implications in leishmaniasis. Mol Biochem Parasitol 133: 145-152. doi:10.1016/j.molbiopara.2003.10.002. PubMed: 14698427.
|
[10] | Gatfield J, Pieters J (2000) Essential role for cholesterol in entry of mycobacteria into macrophages. Science 288: 1647-1650. doi:10.1126/science.288.5471.1647. PubMed: 10834844.
|
[11] | Seveau S, Bierne H, Giroux S, Prévost MC, Cossart P (2004) Role of lipid rafts in E-cadherin-- and HGF-R/Met--mediated entry of Listeria monocytogenes into host cells. J Cell Biol 166: 743-753. doi:10.1083/jcb.200406078. PubMed: 15337781.
|
[12] | Kabouridis PS, Janzen J, Magee AL, Ley SC (2000) Cholesterol depletion disrupts lipid rafts and modulates the activity of multiple signaling pathways in T lymphocytes. Eur J Immunol 30: 954-963. doi:10.1002/1521-4141(200003)30:3. PubMed: 10741414.
|
[13] | Chen X, Resh MD (2002) Cholesterol depletion from the plasma membrane triggers ligand-independent activation of the epidermal growth factor receptor. J Biol Chem 277: 49631-49637. doi:10.1074/jbc.M208327200. PubMed: 12397069.
|
[14] | Hillyard DZ, Jardine AG, McDonald KJ, Cameron AJ (2004) Fluvastatin inhibits raft dependent Fcgamma receptor signalling in human monocytes. Atherosclerosis 172: 219-228. doi:10.1016/j.atherosclerosis.2003.11.004. PubMed: 15019531.
|
[15] | Ehrenstein MR, Jury EC, Mauri C (2005) Statins for atherosclerosis--as good as it gets? N Engl J Med 352: 73-75. doi:10.1056/NEJMe048326. PubMed: 15635116.
|
[16] | Ponce J, de la Ossa NP, Hurtado O, Millan M, Arenillas JF et al. (2008) Simvastatin reduces the association of NMDA receptors to lipid rafts: a cholesterol-mediated effect in neuroprotection. Stroke 39: 1269-1275. doi:10.1161/STROKEAHA.107.498923. PubMed: 18323503.
|
[17] | Zou T, Garifulin O, Berland R, Boyartchuk VL (2011) Listeria monocytogenes infection induces prosurvival metabolic signaling in macrophages. Infect Immun 79: 1526-1535. doi:10.1128/IAI.01195-10. PubMed: 21263022.
|
[18] | Cossart P, Vicente MF, Mengaud J, Baquero F, Perez-Diaz JC et al. (1989) Listeriolysin O is essential for virulence of Listeria monocytogenes: direct evidence obtained by gene complementation. Infect Immun 57: 3629-3636. PubMed: 2509366.
|
[19] | Rosch JW, Boyd AR, Hinojosa E, Pestina T, Hu Y et al. (2010) Statins protect against fulminant pneumococcal infection and cytolysin toxicity in a mouse model of sickle cell disease. J Clin Invest 120: 627-635. doi:10.1172/JCI39843. PubMed: 20093777.
|
[20] | Catron DM, Lange Y, Borensztajn J, Sylvester MD, Jones BD et al. (2004) Salmonella enterica serovar Typhimurium requires nonsterol precursors of the cholesterol biosynthetic pathway for intracellular proliferation. Infect Immun 72: 1036-1042. doi:10.1128/IAI.72.2.1036-1042.2004. PubMed: 14742551.
|
[21] | Erkkil? L, Jauhiainen M, Laitinen K, Haasio K, Tiirola T et al. (2005) Effect of simvastatin, an established lipid-lowering drug, on pulmonary Chlamydia pneumoniae infection in mice. Antimicrob Agents Chemother 49: 3959-3962. doi:10.1128/AAC.49.9.3959-3962.2005. PubMed: 16127082.
|
[22] | Krause BR, Princen HM (1998) Lack of predictability of classical animal models for hypolipidemic activity: a good time for mice? Atherosclerosis 140: 15-24. doi:10.1016/S0021-9150(98)00141-5. PubMed: 9733211.
|
[23] | Chow OA, von K?ckritz-Blickwede M, Bright AT, Hensler ME, Zinkernagel AS et al. (2010) Statins enhance formation of phagocyte extracellular traps. Cell Host Microbe 8: 445-454. doi:10.1016/j.chom.2010.10.005. PubMed: 21075355.
|
[24] | Schwegmann A, Guler R, Cutler AJ, Arendse B, Horsnell WG et al. (2007) Protein kinase C delta is essential for optimal macrophage-mediated phagosomal containment of Listeria monocytogenes. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 104: 16251-16256. doi:10.1073/pnas.0703496104. PubMed: 17913887.
|
[25] | Guler R, Parihar SP, Spohn G, Johansen P, Brombacher F et al. (2011) Blocking IL-1alpha but not IL-1beta increases susceptibility to chronic Mycobacterium tuberculosis infection in mice. Vaccine 29: 1339-1346. doi:10.1016/j.vaccine.2010.10.045. PubMed: 21093494.
|
[26] | H?lscher C, Arendse B, Schwegmann A, Myburgh E, Brombacher F (2006) Impairment of alternative macrophage activation delays cutaneous leishmaniasis in nonhealing BALB/c mice. J Immunol 176: 1115-1121. PubMed: 16394000.
|
[27] | Ginsbach C, Fahimi HD (1987) Labeling of cholesterol with filipin in cellular membranes of parenchymatous organs. Standardization of incubation conditions. Histochemistry 86: 241-248. doi:10.1007/BF00490254. PubMed: 3570875.
|
[28] | Allain CC, Poon LS, Chan CS, Richmond W, Fu PC (1974) Enzymatic determination of total serum cholesterol. Clin Chem 20: 470-475. PubMed: 4818200.
|
[29] | Ferrari M, Fornasiero MC, Isetta AM (1990) MTT colorimetric assay for testing macrophage cytotoxic activity in vitro. J Immunol Methods 131: 165-172. doi:10.1016/0022-1759(90)90187-Z. PubMed: 2391427.
|
[30] | Kerrigan AM, Dennehy KM, Mour?o-Sá D, Faro-Trindade I, Willment JA et al. (2009) CLEC-2 is a phagocytic activation receptor expressed on murine peripheral blood neutrophils. J Immunol 182: 4150-4157. doi:10.4049/jimmunol.0802808. PubMed: 19299712.
|
[31] | Port GC, Freitag NE (2007) Identification of novel Listeria monocytogenes secreted virulence factors following mutational activation of the central virulence regulator, PrfA. Infect Immun 75: 5886-5897. doi:10.1128/IAI.00845-07. PubMed: 17938228.
|
[32] | Hamelin BA, Turgeon J (1998) Hydrophilicity/lipophilicity: relevance for the pharmacology and clinical effects of HMG-CoA reductase inhibitors. Trends Pharmacol Sci 19: 26-37. doi:10.1016/S0165-6147(97)01147-4. PubMed: 9509899.
|
[33] | Brombacher F, Dorfmüller A, Magram J, Dai WJ, K?hler G et al. (1999) IL-12 is dispensable for innate and adaptive immunity against low doses of Listeria monocytogenes. Int Immunol 11: 325-332. doi:10.1093/intimm/11.3.325. PubMed: 10221644.
|
[34] | Wagner RD, Steinberg H, Brown JF, Czuprynski CJ (1994) Recombinant interleukin-12 enhances resistance of mice to Listeria monocytogenes infection. Microb Pathog 17: 175-186. doi:10.1006/mpat.1994.1064. PubMed: 7700134.
|
[35] | Kato K, Nakane A, Minagawa T, Kasai N, Yamamoto K et al. (1989) Human tumor necrosis factor increases the resistance against Listeria infection in mice. Med Microbiol Immunol 178: 337-346. PubMed: 2559307.
|
[36] | Portnoy DA, Auerbuch V, Glomski IJ (2002) The cell biology of Listeria monocytogenes infection: the intersection of bacterial pathogenesis and cell-mediated immunity. J Cell Biol 158: 409-414. doi:10.1083/jcb.200205009. PubMed: 12163465.
|
[37] | Bakowski MA, Braun V, Brumell JH (2008) Salmonella-containing vacuoles: directing traffic and nesting to grow. Traffic 9: 2022-2031. doi:10.1111/j.1600-0854.2008.00827.x. PubMed: 18778407.
|
[38] | Catron DM, Sylvester MD, Lange Y, Kadekoppala M, Jones BD et al. (2002) The Salmonella-containing vacuole is a major site of intracellular cholesterol accumulation and recruits the GPI-anchored protein CD55. Cell Microbiol 4: 315-328. doi:10.1046/j.1462-5822.2002.00198.x. PubMed: 12067317.
|
[39] | Singh R, Jamieson A, Cresswell P (2008) GILT is a critical host factor for Listeria monocytogenes infection. Nature 455: 1244-1247. doi:10.1038/nature07344. PubMed: 18815593.
|
[40] | Soltani CE, Hotze EM, Johnson AE, Tweten RK (2007) Structural elements of the cholesterol-dependent cytolysins that are responsible for their cholesterol-sensitive membrane interactions. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 104: 20226-20231. doi:10.1073/pnas.0708104105. PubMed: 18077338.
|
[41] | Matsumoto M, Einhaus D, Gold ES, Aderem A (2004) Simvastatin augments lipopolysaccharide-induced proinflammatory responses in macrophages by differential regulation of the c-Fos and c-Jun transcription factors. J Immunol 172: 7377-7384. PubMed: 15187114.
|
[42] | Nègre-Aminou P, van Vliet AK, van Erck M, van Thiel GC, van Leeuwen RE et al. (1997) Inhibition of proliferation of human smooth muscle cells by various HMG-CoA reductase inhibitors; comparison with other human cell types. Biochim Biophys Acta 1345: 259-268. doi:10.1016/S0005-2760(96)00184-1. PubMed: 9150246.
|
[43] | Glynn SA, O’Sullivan D, Eustace AJ, Clynes M, O’Donovan N (2008) The 3-hydroxy-3-methylglutaryl-coenzyme A reductase inhibitors, simvastatin, lovastatin and mevastatin inhibit proliferation and invasion of melanoma cells. BMC Cancer 8: 9. doi:10.1186/1471-2407-8-9. PubMed: 18199328.
|
[44] | Yilmaz A, Reiss C, Weng A, Cicha I, Stumpf C et al. (2006) Differential effects of statins on relevant functions of human monocyte-derived dendritic cells. J Leukoc Biol 79: 529-538. PubMed: 16387846.
|
[45] | Loike JD, Shabtai DY, Neuhut R, Malitzky S, Lu E et al. (2004) Statin inhibition of Fc receptor-mediated phagocytosis by macrophages is modulated by cell activation and cholesterol. Arterioscler Thromb Vasc Biol 24: 2051-2056. doi:10.1161/01.ATV.0000143858.15909.29. PubMed: 15345508.
|
[46] | Djaldetti M, Salman H, Bergman M, Bessler H (2006) Effect of pravastatin, simvastatin and atorvastatin on the phagocytic activity of mouse peritoneal macrophages. Exp Mol Pathol 80: 160-164. doi:10.1016/j.yexmp.2005.09.009. PubMed: 16269144.
|
[47] | Salman H, Bergman M, Djaldetti M, Bessler H (2008) Hydrophobic but not hydrophilic statins enhance phagocytosis and decrease apoptosis of human peripheral blood cells in vitro. Biomed Pharmacother 62: 41-45.
|
[48] | Bochar DA, Stauffacher CV, Rodwell VW (1999) Sequence comparisons reveal two classes of 3-hydroxy-3-methylglutaryl coenzyme A reductase. Mol Genet Metab 66: 122-127. doi:10.1006/mgme.1998.2786. PubMed: 10068515.
|
[49] | Hedl M, Rodwell VW (2004) Inhibition of the class II HMG-CoA reductase of Pseudomonas mevalonii. Protein Sci 13: 1693-1697. doi:10.1110/ps.03597504. PubMed: 15152097.
|
[50] | Bj?rkhem-Bergman L, Lindh JD, Bergman P (2011) What is a relevant statin concentration in cell experiments claiming pleiotropic effects? British Journal of Clinical Pharmacology 72: 164-165.
|
[51] | Kita T, Brown MS, Goldstein JL (1980) Feedback regulation of 3-hydroxy-3-methylglutaryl coenzyme A reductase in livers of mice treated with mevinolin, a competitive inhibitor of the reductase. J Clin Invest 66: 1094-1100. doi:10.1172/JCI109938. PubMed: 6903572.
|