| [1] | Zlotnik A, Yoshie O (2000) Chemokines: a new classification system and their role in immunity. Immunity 12: 121-127. doi:10.1016/S1074-7613(00)80165-X. PubMed: 10714678.
|
| [2] | Sallusto F, Baggiolini M (2008) Chemokines and leukocyte traffic. Nat Immunol 9: 949-952. doi:10.1038/ni.f.214. PubMed: 18711431.
|
| [3] | Weber M, Hauschild R, Schwarz J, Moussion C, de Vries I et al. (2013) Interstitial dendritic cell guidance by haptotactic chemokine gradients. Science 339: 328-332. doi:10.1126/science.1228456. PubMed: 23329049.
|
| [4] | von Andrian UH, Mackay CR (2000) T-cell function and migration. Two sides of the same coin. N Engl J Med 343: 1020-1034. doi:10.1056/NEJM200010053431407. PubMed: 11018170.
|
| [5] | Luther SA, Cyster JG (2001) Chemokines as regulators of T cell differentiation. Nat Immunol 2: 102-107. doi:10.1038/84205. PubMed: 11175801.
|
| [6] | Weaver CT, Murphy KM (2007) T-cell subsets: the more the merrier. Curr Biol 17: R61-R63. doi:10.1016/j.cub.2006.12.015. PubMed: 17240331.
|
| [7] | F？rster R, Davalos-Misslitz AC, Rot A (2008) CCR7 and its ligands: balancing immunity and tolerance. Nat Rev Immunol 8: 362-371. doi:10.1038/nri2297. PubMed: 18379575.
|
| [8] | Junt T, Scandella E, F？rster R, Krebs P, Krautwald S et al. (2004) Impact of CCR7 on priming and distribution of antiviral effector and memory CTL. J Immunol 173: 6684-6693. PubMed: 15557160.
|
| [9] | Junt T, Nakano H, Dumrese T, Kakiuchi T, Odermatt B et al. (2002) Antiviral immune responses in the absence of organized lymphoid T cell zones in plt/plt mice. J Immunol 168: 6032-6040. PubMed: 12055211.
|
| [10] | Kursar M, H？pken UE, Koch M, K？hler A, Lipp M et al. (2005) Differential requirements for the chemokine receptor CCR7 in T cell activation during Listeria monocytogenes infection. J Exp Med 201: 1447-1457. doi:10.1084/jem.20041204. PubMed: 15851484.
|
| [11] | Noor S, Habashy AS, Nance JP, Clark RT, Nemati K et al. (2010) CCR7-dependent immunity during acute Toxoplasma gondii infection. Infect Immun 78: 2257-2263. doi:10.1128/IAI.01314-09. PubMed: 20194594.
|
| [12] | Unsoeld H, Mueller K, Schleicher U, Bogdan C, Zwirner J et al. (2007) Abrogation of CCL21 chemokine function by transgenic over-expression impairs T cell immunity to local infections. Int Immunol 19: 1281-1289. doi:10.1093/intimm/dxm098. PubMed: 17914120.
|
| [13] | Reiner SL, Locksley RM (1995) The regulation of immunity to Leishmania major. Annu Rev Immunol 13: 151-177. doi:10.1146/annurev.iy.13.040195.001055. PubMed: 7612219.
|
| [14] | F？rster R, Schubel A, Breitfeld D, Kremmer E, Renner-Müller I et al. (1999) CCR7 coordinates the primary immune response by establishing functional microenvironments in secondary lymphoid organs. Cell 99: 23-33. doi:10.1016/S0092-8674(00)80059-8. PubMed: 10520991.
|
| [15] | Solbach W, Forberg K, R？llinghoff M (1986) Effect of T-lymphocyte suppression on the parasite burden in Leishmania major-infected, genetically susceptible BALB/c mice. Infect Immun 54: 909-912. PubMed: 3491051.
|
| [16] | Wilhelm P, Ritter U, Labbow S, Donhauser N, R？llinghoff M et al. (2001) Rapidly fatal leishmaniasis in resistant C57BL/6 mice lacking TNF. J Immunol 166: 4012-4019. PubMed: 11238648.
|
| [17] | Mack M, Cihak J, Simonis C, Luckow B, Proudfoot AE et al. (2001) Expression and characterization of the chemokine receptors CCR2 and CCR5 in mice. J Immunol 166: 4697-4704. PubMed: 11254730.
|
| [18] | Hu Y, Smyth GK (2009) ELDA: extreme limiting dilution analysis for comparing depleted and enriched populations in stem cell and other assays. J Immunol Methods 347: 70-78. doi:10.1016/j.jim.2009.06.008. PubMed: 19567251.
|
| [19] | Fromm PD, Kling J, Mack M, Sedgwick JD, K？rner H (2012) Loss of TNF signaling facilitates the development of a novel Ly-6C(low) macrophage population permissive for Leishmania major infection. J Immunol 188: 6258-6266. doi:10.4049/jimmunol.1100977. PubMed: 22615203.
|
| [20] | Sallusto F, Lenig D, F？rster R, Lipp M, Lanzavecchia A (1999) Two subsets of memory T lymphocytes with distinct homing potentials and effector functions. Nature 401: 708-712. doi:10.1038/44385. PubMed: 10537110.
|
| [21] | Beauvillain C, Cunin P, Doni A, Scotet M, Jaillon S et al. (2011) CCR7 is involved in the migration of neutrophils to lymph nodes. Blood 117: 1196-1204. doi:10.1182/blood-2009-11-254490. PubMed: 21051556.
|
| [22] | Heinzel FP, Sadick MD, Holaday BJ, Coffman RL, Locksley RM (1989) Reciprocal expression of interferon gamma or interleukin 4 during the resolution or progression of murine leishmaniasis. Evidence for expansion of distinct helper T cell subsets. J Exp Med 169: 59-72. doi:10.1084/jem.169.1.59. PubMed: 2521244.
|
| [23] | Min B, Prout M, Hu-Li J, Zhu J, Jankovic D et al. (2004) Basophils produce IL-4 and accumulate in tissues after infection with a Th2-inducing parasite. J Exp Med 200: 507-517. doi:10.1084/jem.20040590. PubMed: 15314076.
|
| [24] | van Panhuys N, Prout M, Forbes E, Min B, Paul WE et al. (2011) Basophils are the major producers of IL-4 during primary helminth infection. J Immunol 186: 2719-2728. doi:10.4049/jimmunol.1000940. PubMed: 21270410.
|
| [25] | Moore KW, de Waal Malefyt R, Coffman RL, O'Garra A (2001) Interleukin-10 and the interleukin-10 receptor. Annu Rev Immunol 19: 683-765. doi:10.1146/annurev.immunol.19.1.683. PubMed: 11244051.
|
| [26] | Joosten SA, Ottenhoff TH (2008) Human CD4 and CD8 regulatory T cells in infectious diseases and vaccination. Hum Immunol 69: 760-770. doi:10.1016/j.humimm.2008.07.017. PubMed: 18835413.
|
| [27] | Bettelli E, Carrier Y, Gao W, Korn T, Strom TB et al. (2006) Reciprocal developmental pathways for the generation of pathogenic effector TH17 and regulatory T cells. Nature 441: 235-238. doi:10.1038/nature04753. PubMed: 16648838.
|
| [28] | Scott P, Natovitz P, Coffman RL, Pearce E, Sher A (1988) Immunoregulation of cutaneous leishmaniasis. T cell lines that transfer protective immunity or exacerbation belong to different T helper subsets and respond to distinct parasite antigens. J Exp Med 168: 1675-1684. doi:10.1084/jem.168.5.1675. PubMed: 2903212.
|
| [29] | Locksley RM, Heinzel FP, Sadick MD, Holaday BJ, Gardner KD Jr. (1987) Murine cutaneous leishmaniasis: susceptibility correlates with differential expansion of helper T-cell subsets. Ann Inst Pasteur Immunol 138: 744-749. doi:10.1016/S0769-2625(87)80030-2. PubMed: 2964247.
|
| [30] | Seth S, Oberd？rfer L, Hyde R, Hoff K, Thies V et al. (2011) CCR7 essentially contributes to the homing of plasmacytoid dendritic cells to lymph nodes under steady-state as well as inflammatory conditions. J Immunol 186: 3364-3372. doi:10.4049/jimmunol.1002598. PubMed: 21296980.
|
| [31] | De Trez C, Magez S, Akira S, Ryffel B, Carlier Y et al. (2009) iNOS-producing inflammatory dendritic cells constitute the major infected cell type during the chronic Leishmania major infection phase of C57BL/6 resistant mice. PLOS Pathog 5: e1000494. PubMed: 19557162.
|
| [32] | Sato N, Ahuja SK, Quinones M, Kostecki V, Reddick RL et al. (2000) CC chemokine receptor (CCR)2 is required for Langerhans cell migration and localization of T helper cell type 1 (Th1)-inducing dendritic cells. Absence of CCR2 shifts the Leishmania major-resistant phenotype to a susceptible state dominated by Th2 cytokines, B cell outgrowth, and sustained neutrophilic inflammation. J Exp Med 192: 205-218. doi:10.1084/jem.192.2.205. PubMed: 10899907.
|
| [33] | Quinones MP, Estrada CA, Jimenez F, Martinez H, Willmon O et al. (2007) CCL2-independent role of CCR2 in immune responses against Leishmania major. Parasite Immunol 29: 211-217. doi:10.1111/j.1365-3024.2006.00935.x. PubMed: 17371458.
|
| [34] | Robben PM, LaRegina M, Kuziel WA, Sibley LD (2005) Recruitment of Gr-1+ monocytes is essential for control of acute toxoplasmosis. J Exp Med 201: 1761-1769. doi:10.1084/jem.20050054. PubMed: 15928200.
|
| [35] | Conrad SM, Strauss-Ayali D, Field AE, Mack M, Mosser DM (2007) Leishmania-derived murine monocyte chemoattractant protein 1 enhances the recruitment of a restrictive population of CC chemokine receptor 2-positive macrophages. Infect Immun 75: 653-665. doi:10.1128/IAI.01314-06. PubMed: 17088347.
|
| [36] | Serbina NV, Pamer EG (2006) Monocyte emigration from bone marrow during bacterial infection requires signals mediated by chemokine receptor CCR2. Nat Immunol 7: 311-317. doi:10.1038/nrm1909. PubMed: 16462739.
|
| [37] | Qu C, Edwards EW, Tacke F, Angeli V, Llodrá J et al. (2004) Role of CCR8 and other chemokine pathways in the migration of monocyte-derived dendritic cells to lymph nodes. J Exp Med 200: 1231-1241. doi:10.1084/jem.20032152. PubMed: 15534368.
|
| [38] | Vassileva G, Soto H, Zlotnik A, Nakano H, Kakiuchi T et al. (1999) The reduced expression of 6Ckine in the plt mouse results from the deletion of one of two 6Ckine genes. J Exp Med 190: 1183-1188. doi:10.1084/jem.190.8.1183. PubMed: 10523616.
|
| [39] | Lo JC, Chin RK, Lee Y, Kang HS, Wang Y et al. (2003) Differential regulation of CCL21 in lymphoid/nonlymphoid tissues for effectively attracting T cells to peripheral tissues. J Clin Invest 112: 1495-1505. doi:10.1172/JCI200319188. PubMed: 14617751.
|
| [40] | Menezes-Souza D, Guerra-Sa R, Carneiro CM, Vitoriano-Souza J, Giunchetti RC et al. (2012) Higher expression of CCL2, CCL4, CCL5, CCL21, and CXCL8 chemokines in the skin associated with parasite density in canine visceral leishmaniasis. PLoS Negl Trop. Drosophila Inf Serv 6: e1566.
|
| [41] | Peters N, Sacks D (2006) Immune privilege in sites of chronic infection: Leishmania and regulatory T cells. Immunol Rev 213: 159-179. doi:10.1111/j.1600-065X.2006.00432.x. PubMed: 16972903.
|
| [42] | Belkaid Y, Piccirillo CA, Mendez S, Shevach EM, Sacks DL (2002) CD4+CD25+ regulatory T cells control Leishmania major persistence and immunity. Nature 420: 502-507. doi:10.1038/nature01152. PubMed: 12466842.
|
| [43] | Ding Y, Xu J, Bromberg JS (2012) Regulatory T cell migration during an immune response. Trends Immunol 33: 174-180. doi:10.1016/j.it.2012.01.002. PubMed: 22305714.
|
| [44] | Campbell DJ, Koch MA (2011) Phenotypical and functional specialization of FOXP3+ regulatory T cells. Nat Rev Immunol 11: 119-130. doi:10.1038/nri2916. PubMed: 21267013.
|
| [45] | Menning A, H？pken UE, Siegmund K, Lipp M, Hamann A et al. (2007) Distinctive role of CCR7 in migration and functional activity of naive- and effector/memory-like Treg subsets. Eur J Immunol 37: 1575-1583. doi:10.1002/eji.200737201. PubMed: 17474155.
|
| [46] | Schneider MA, Meingassner JG, Lipp M, Moore HD, Rot A (2007) CCR7 is required for the in vivo function of CD4+ CD25+ regulatory T cells. J Exp Med 204: 735-745. doi:10.1084/jem.20061405. PubMed: 17371928.
|
| [47] | Suffia I, Reckling SK, Salay G, Belkaid Y (2005) A role for CD103 in the retention of CD4+CD25+ Treg and control of Leishmania major infection. J Immunol 174: 5444-5455. PubMed: 15845457.
|
| [48] | Huehn J, Siegmund K, Lehmann JC, Siewert C, Haubold U et al. (2004) Developmental stage, phenotype, and migration distinguish naive- and effector/memory-like CD4+ regulatory T cells. J Exp Med 199: 303-313. doi:10.1084/jem.20031562. PubMed: 14757740.
|
| [49] | Eller K, Weber T, Pruenster M, Wolf AM, Mayer G et al. (2010) CCR7 deficiency exacerbates injury in acute nephritis due to aberrant localization of regulatory T cells. J Am Soc Nephrol 21: 42-52. doi:10.1681/ASN.2009020133. PubMed: 19917782.
|
| [50] | Mendez S, Reckling SK, Piccirillo CA, Sacks D, Belkaid Y (2004) Role for CD4(+) CD25(+) regulatory T cells in reactivation of persistent leishmaniasis and control of concomitant immunity. J Exp Med 200: 201-210. doi:10.1084/jem.20040298. PubMed: 15263027.
|
| [51] | Mosmann TR, Coffman RL (1989) TH1 and TH2 cells: different patterns of lymphokine secretion lead to different functional properties. Annu Rev Immunol 7: 145-173. doi:10.1146/annurev.iy.07.040189.001045. PubMed: 2523712.
|
| [52] | Moschovakis GL, Bubke A, Dittrich-Breiholz O, Braun A, Prinz I et al. (2012) Deficient CCR7 signaling promotes TH2 polarization and B-cell activation in vivo. Eur J Immunol 42: 48-57. doi:10.1002/eji.201141753. PubMed: 21969271.
|
| [53] | Sakthianandeswaren A, Elso CM, Simpson K, Curtis JM, Kumar B et al. (2005) The wound repair response controls outcome to cutaneous leishmaniasis. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 102: 15551-15556. doi:10.1073/pnas.0505630102. PubMed: 16223880.
|
| [54] | Baldwin T, Sakthianandeswaren A, Curtis JM, Kumar B, Smyth GK et al. (2007) Wound healing response is a major contributor to the severity of cutaneous leishmaniasis in the ear model of infection. Parasite Immunol 29: 501-513. doi:10.1111/j.1365-3024.2007.00969.x. PubMed: 17883453.
|
| [55] | Bonacchi A, Petrai I, Defranco RM, Lazzeri E, Annunziato F et al. (2003) The chemokine CCL21 modulates lymphocyte recruitment and fibrosis in chronic hepatitis C. Gastroenterology 125: 1060-1076. doi:10.1016/S0016-5085(03)01194-6. PubMed: 14517790.
|
| [56] | Banas B, W？rnle M, Berger T, Nelson PJ, Cohen CD et al. (2002) Roles of SLC/CCL21 and CCR7 in human kidney for mesangial proliferation, migration, apoptosis, and tissue homeostasis. J Immunol 168: 4301-4307. PubMed: 11970971.
|
| [57] | Sasaki M, Abe R, Fujita Y, Ando S, Inokuma D et al. (2008) Mesenchymal stem cells are recruited into wounded skin and contribute to wound repair by transdifferentiation into multiple skin cell type. J Immunol 180: 2581-2587. PubMed: 18250469.
|
| [58] | Kaur D, Saunders R, Berger P, Siddiqui S, Woodman L et al. (2006) Airway smooth muscle and mast cell-derived CC chemokine ligand 19 mediate airway smooth muscle migration in asthma. Am J Respir Crit Care Med 174: 1179-1188. doi:10.1164/rccm.200603-394OC. PubMed: 16959919.
|
| [59] | Trujillo G, Hartigan AJ, Hogaboam CM (2010) T regulatory cells and attenuated bleomycin-induced fibrosis in lungs of CCR7-/- mice. Fibrogenesis Tissue Repair 3: 18. doi:10.1186/1755-1536-3-18. PubMed: 20815874.
|
| [60] | Abe R, Donnelly SC, Peng T, Bucala R, Metz CN (2001) Peripheral blood fibrocytes: differentiation pathway and migration to wound sites. J Immunol 166: 7556-7562. PubMed: 11390511.
|
| [61] | Kling J, Gollan R, Fromm P, K？rner H (2011) Redundancy of interleukin-6 in the differentiation of T cell and monocyte subsets during cutaneous leishmaniasis. Exp Parasitol 129: 270-276. doi:10.1016/j.exppara.2011.07.015. PubMed: 21819984.
|
