全部 标题 作者
关键词 摘要

OALib Journal期刊
ISSN: 2333-9721
费用:99美元

查看量下载量

相关文章

更多...
PLOS ONE  2013 

How Sustainable Is Government-Sponsored Desertification Rehabilitation in China? Behavior of Households to Changes in Environmental Policies

DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0077510

Full-Text   Cite this paper   Add to My Lib

Abstract:

This paper undertakes a direct, comprehensive assessment of the long-term sustainability of desertification rehabilitation in China under a plausible but worst case scenario where governmental interventions, in the form of payments for environmental services (PES), will cease. The analysis is based on household behavior as well as experimental data. Our econometric results highlight the main obstacles to the sustainability of rehabilitation programs subsequent to cessation of government intervention, including specific shortfalls in households’ preference for a free ride, budget constraints, attitudes, tolerance of and responsibility for desertification, and dissatisfaction with governmental actions. We conclude that desertification rehabilitation is not sustainable in China without continued governmental intervention. The results of this study are intended to support policy makers as they consider future directions for rehabilitation sustainability.

References

[1]  Reynolds F, Smith D, Lambin E, Turner II B, Mortimore M, et al. (2007) Global desertification, Building a science for dryland development. Science 316: 847–851.
[2]  Millennium Ecosystem Assessment (2005) Ecosystem and Human Well-being, Desertification Synthesis. Washington D.C: World Resource Institute: 7p.
[3]  Abdelgalil A, Cohen I (2007) Economic development and resource degradation: Conflicts and policies. Socio-Economic Planning Sciences 41: 107–129.
[4]  Chen G, Dong Z, Yan P (1996) Desertification: international research topics and research strategies of China. Exploration of Nature 15: 1–5.
[5]  Guo H, Wu D, Zhu H (1989) Land restoration in China. Journal of Applied Ecology 26: 787–792.
[6]  Zha Y, Gao J (1997) Characteristics of desertification and its rehabilitation in China. Journal of Arid Environments 37: 419–432.
[7]  Wang T, Chen G, Zhao H, Dong Z, Zhang X, et al. (2006) Research progress on aeolian desertification process and controlling in North of China. Journal of Desert Research 26: 507–516.
[8]  Wang X, Chen F, Hasi E, Li J (2008) Desertification in China: An assessment. Earth-Science Reviews 88: 188–206.
[9]  Zhong D (1998) Dynamic evolution of sand deserts in China. Lanzhou: Gansu Culture Pres. 224p.
[10]  State Forestry Administration of China (SFAC) (2005) Reports on desertification in China. Available: http://www.forestry.gov.cn/manager/zhuan?lan_url/file_up/fszs2006100952.doc. Accessed 2012 May 10.
[11]  Rubio L, Bochet E (1998) Desertification indicators as diagnosis criteria for desertification risk assessment in Europe. Journal of Arid Environments 39: 113–120.
[12]  Zhu Z, Wu Z, Liu S, Wang T, Chen G, et al.. (1980) An introduction to Chinese desert. Beijing: Science Press. 107p.
[13]  Zhu Z, Liu S, Xiao L (1981) The characteristics of the environment vulnerable to desertification and the ways of its control in steppe zone. Journal of Desert Research 1: 2–12.
[14]  Zhu Z, Liu S (1982). Desert evolutions in historical periods in China. In: Zhu, Z., Liu, S. (Eds.), Physical Geography in China (Vol. Historical Geography). Beijing: Science Press. 249p.
[15]  Zhu Z., Chen G (1994) Sandy desertification in China. Beijing: Science Press. 7p.
[16]  Wang T, Wu W, Xue X, Zhang W, Han Z, et al. (2003) Time–space evolution of desertification land in northern China. Journal of Desert Research 23: 230–235.
[17]  Wang T, Wu W, Zhao H, Xue X, Han Z, et al. (2004) Analyses on driving factors to sandy desertification process in Horqin Region, China. Journal of Desert Research 24: 519–528.
[18]  Yang T, Zhang W, Qu J (1994) Analysis of problems of desertification formation in China. Arid Land Geography 17: 21–29.
[19]  Liu S (1988) Internal dynamic causes of desertification development in semiarid zone. Journal of Desert Research 8: 1–8.
[20]  Zhao H, Zhao X, Zhang T (2008) Ground Discriminance on Positive and Negative Processes of Land Desertification in Horqin Sand Land. Journal of Desert Research 28(1): 8–15.
[21]  Xu Z, Xu J, Deng X, Huang J, Uchida E, et al. (2006) Grain for green versus grain: conflict between food security and conservation set-aside in China. World Development 34(1): 130–148.
[22]  Xu Z, Bennett M, Tao R, Xu J (2004) China’s Sloping Land Conversion Program four years on: current situation, pending issues. International Forestry Review 6(3): 317–326.
[23]  Ministry of Agriculture, China (2010) Great Effect has made from the Grazing Prohibition Program in the West China. Available: http://www.moa.gov.cn/zwllm/zwdt/2011 08/t20110804_2102975.htm. Accessed 2013 May 10.
[24]  Ma Y, Zhou L, Fan S (2006) Reversal of Land Desertification in China and the Strategic Shift of Ecological Control Policies. China soft science (6): 53–59.
[25]  Li A, Han Z, Huang C, Tan Z (2008) Remote Sensing Monitoring on Dynamic of Sandy Desertification Degree in Horqin Sandy Land at the Beginning of 21st Century. Journal of desert research 28(1): 8–15.
[26]  Jia K, Chang Q, Zhang J (2009) Spatial-temporal Change Characteristics of Sandy Desertification Lands in Agro-pasture Interlacing Zone in Northern Shaanxi. Journal of desert research 29(2): 223–228.
[27]  Zhang J, Chang X, Cai M, Li J (2009) Effects of Land Use on Desertification in Typical Regions in the Horqin Sandy Land. Arid Zone Research 26(1): 39–44.
[28]  Li J, Feldman M, Li S, Daily G (2011) Rural household income and inequality under the Sloping Land Conversion Program in western China. PANS 108(19): 7721–7726.
[29]  Su Y, Wang X, Yang R, Lee J (2010) Effects of sandy desertified land rehabilitation on soil carbon sequestration and aggregation in an arid region in China. Journal of Environmental Management 91: 2109–2116.
[30]  Bennett M (2008) China’s sloping land conversion program: Institutional innovation or business as usual? Ecological Economics 65: 699–711.
[31]  Freeman III A (1993) The Measurement of Environmental and Resource Value, Theory and Methods. Washington D.C: Resources for the Future. P75.
[32]  Louviere J, Hensher A (1983) Using discrete choice models with experimental design data to forecast consumer demand for a unique cultural event. Journal of Consumer Research 10 (3): 348–361.
[33]  Louviere J, Woodworth G (1983) Design and analysis of simulated consumer choice or allocation experiments: An approach based on aggregate data. Journal of Marketing Research 20: 350–367.
[34]  Adamowicz W, Louviere J, Williams M (1994) Combining Stated and Revealed Preference Methods for Valuing Environmental Amenities. Journal of Environmental Economics and Management 26: 271–292.
[35]  Adamowicz W, Swait J, Boxall P, Louviere J, Williams M (1997) Perceptions versus Objective Measures of Environmental Quality in Combined Revealed and Stated Preference Models of Environmental Valuation. Journal of Environmental Economics and Management (32): 65–84.
[36]  Carlsson F, Martinsson P (2001) Do hypothetical and actual marginal willingness to pay differ in choice Experiments? – Application to the valuation of the environment. Journal of Environmental Economics and Management 41: 179–192.
[37]  Horowitz K, McConnell E (2002) A Review of WTA/WTP Studies. Journal of Environmental Economics and Management 44: 426–447.
[38]  Horowitz K, McConnell E (2003) Willingness to accept, willingness to pay and the income effect. Journal of Economic Behavior & Organization 51: 537–545.
[39]  Tversky A, Kahneman D (1991) Loss aversion in riskless choice, a reference-dependent model. Quarterly Journal of Economics 106: 1039–1061.
[40]  Hanemann M (1991) Willingness to pay and Willingness to accept, How much can they differ? American Economic Review 81(3): 635–647.
[41]  Kolstad D, Guzman M (1999) Information and the divergence between willingness to accept and willingness to pay. Journal of Environmental Economics and Management 38: 66–80.
[42]  Zhao J, Kling C (2001) A new explanation for the WTP/WTA disparity. Economics Letters 73: 293–300.
[43]  Knetsch J (1990) Environmental policy implications of disparities between willingness to pay and compensation demanded measures of values, Journal of Environmental Economics and Management. 18: 227–237.
[44]  Bureau of Statistics of Yanchi County (2010) Yanchi Years Book. Ningxia: Bureau of Statistics of Yanchi County. 55p.
[45]  Liu M (2002) Status quo, Causation and Counter-plan of the Yanchi County. Pratacultural Science 19(6): 5–6.
[46]  Cheng Y, Chen L, Zhang L (2010) Affecting Factors of Dynamic Variation of Deserted Land in Yanchi County. Soil and Water Conservation in China 11: 34–36.
[47]  Christie A (2001) Comparison of alternative contingent valuation elicitation treatments for the evaluation of complex environmental policy. Journal of Environmental Management 62: 255–269.
[48]  Sayman S, Onculer A (2005) Effects of study design characteristics on the WTA-WTP disparity, A Meta analytical framework. Journal of Economic Psychology 26: 289–312.

Full-Text

Contact Us

service@oalib.com

QQ:3279437679

WhatsApp +8615387084133