| [1] | Blackwell M (2011) The fungi: 1, 2, 3 … 5.1 million species? Am J Bot 98: 426–438.
|
| [2] | Mora C, Tittensor DP, Adl S, Simpson AGB, Worm B (2011) How many species are there on Earth and in the ocean? PLOS Biol 9: e1001127.
|
| [3] | Kirk PM, Cannon PF, Minter DW, Stalpers JA (2008) Dictionary of the Fungi. 10 ed. Wallingford, UK: CABI Publishing.
|
| [4] | Hawksworth DL (2001) The magnitude of fungal diversity: The 1.5 million species estimate revisited. Mycol Res 105: 1422–1432.
|
| [5] | May RM (2011) Why worry about how many species and their loss? PLOS Biol 9: e1001130.
|
| [6] | Evans HC, Elliot SL, Hughes DP (2011) Hidden diversity behind the zombie-ant fungus Ophiocordyceps unilateralis: Four new species described from carpenter ants in Minas Gerais, Brazil. PLOS ONE 6: e17024.
|
| [7] | Evans HC, Elliot SE, Hughes DP (2011) Ophiocordyceps unilateralis: A keystone species for unraveling ecosystem functioning and biodiversity of fungi? Commun Integr Biol 4: 598–602.
|
| [8] | Kobmoo N, Mongkolsamrit S, Tasanathai K, Thanakitpipattana D, Luangsa-Ard JJ (2012) Molecular phylogenies reveal host-specific divergence of Ophiocordyceps unilateralis sensu lato following its host ants. Mol Ecol 21: 3022–3031.
|
| [9] | H？lldobler B, Wilson EO (1990) The Ants. Cambridge, MA: Harvard University Press.
|
| [10] | Mueller UG (2002) Ant versus fungus versus mutualism: Ant-cultivar conflict and the deconstruction of the attine ant-fungus symbiosis. Am Nat 160: S67–S98.
|
| [11] | Mikheyev AS, Mueller UG, Abbot P (2006) Cryptic sex and many-to-one coevolution in the fungus-growing ant symbiosis. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA 103: 10702–10706.
|
| [12] | Mikheyev AS, Mueller UG, Abbot P (2010) Comparative dating of attine ant and lepiotaceous cultivar phylogenies reveals coevolutionary synchrony and discord. Am Nat 175: E126–E133.
|
| [13] | Currie CR, Mueller UG, Malloch D (1999) The agricultural pathology of ant fungus gardens. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA 96: 7998–8002.
|
| [14] | Pagnocca FC, Rodrigues A, Nagamoto NS, Bacci M Jr (2008) Yeasts and filamentous fungi carried by the gynes of leaf-cutting ants. Antonie Van Leeuwenhoek 94: 517–526.
|
| [15] | Muchovej JJ, Della Lucia TMC (1990) Escovopsis, a new genus from leaf cutting ant nests to replace Phialocladus nomen invalidum. Mycotaxon 37: 191–195.
|
| [16] | Kreisel H (1972) Pilze aus Pilzg？rten von Atta insularis in Kuba. Z Allg Mikrobiol 12: 643–654.
|
| [17] | Seifert KA, Samson RA, Chapela IH (1995) Escovopsis aspergilloides, a rediscovered hyphomycete from leaf-cutting ant nests. Mycologia 87: 407–413.
|
| [18] | Carmichael JW, Kendrick WB, Sigler S (1980) Genera of Hyphomycetes. Edmonton, Canada: University of Alberta Press.
|
| [19] | Moeller A (1893) Die Pilzgaerten einiger suedamerikanischer Ameisen. In: Schimper AFW, editor. Botanische Mittheilungen aus den Tropen. Jena: Gustav Fischer.
|
| [20] | Stahel G, Geijskes DC (1941) Weitere Untersuchungen über Nestbau und Gartenpilz von Atta cephalotes L. und Atta sexdens L. (Hym. Formicidae). Revista de Entomologia 12: 243–268.
|
| [21] | Weber NA (1966) Fungus-growing ants. Science 153: 587–604.
|
| [22] | Currie CR, Wong B, Stuart AE, Schultz TR, Rehner SA, et al. (2003) Ancient tripartite coevolution in the attine ant-microbe symbiosis. Science 299: 386–388.
|
| [23] | Caldera EJ, Poulsen M, Suen G, Currie CR (2009) Insect symbioses: A case study of past, present, and future fungus-growing ant research. Environ Entomol 38: 78–92.
|
| [24] | Currie CR (2001) Prevalence and impact of a virulent parasite on a tripartite mutualism. Oecologia 128: 99–106.
|
| [25] | Gerardo NM, Caldera EJ (2007) Labile associations between fungus-growing ant cultivars and their garden pathogens. ISME J 1: 373–384.
|
| [26] | Gerardo NM, Mueller UG, Currie CR (2006) Complex host-pathogen coevolution in the Apterostigma fungus-growing ant-microbe symbiosis. BMC Evol Biol 6: 88–97.
|
| [27] | Gerardo NM, Jacobs SR, Currie CR, Mueller UG (2006) Ancient host-pathogen associations maintained by specificity of chemotaxis and antibiosis. PLOS Biol 4: 1358–1363.
|
| [28] | Gerardo NM, Mueller UG, Price SL, Currie CR (2004) Exploiting a mutualism: Parasite specialization on cultivars within the fungus-growing ant symbiosis. Proc R Soc Lond B Biol Sci 271: 1791–1798.
|
| [29] | Reynolds HT, Currie CR (2004) Pathogenicity of Escovopsis weberi: The parasite of the attine ant-microbe symbiosis directly consumes the ant-cultivated fungus. Mycologia 96: 955–959.
|
| [30] | Rodrigues A, Bacci M Jr, Mueller UG, Ortiz A, Pagnocca FC (2008) Microfungal “weeds” in the leafcutter ant symbiosis. Microb Ecol 56: 604–614.
|
| [31] | Schultz TR, Brady SG (2008) Major evolutionary transitions in ant agriculture. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA 105: 5435–5440.
|
| [32] | Taerum SJ, Cafaro MJ, Currie CR (2010) Presence of multiparasite infections within individual colonies of leaf-cutter ants. Environ Entomol 39: 105–113.
|
| [33] | Taerum SJ, Cafaro MJ, Little AEF, Schultz TR, Currie CR (2007) Low host-pathogen specificity in the leaf-cutting ant-microbe symbiosis. Proc R Soc Lond B Biol Sci 274: 1971–1978.
|
| [34] | Boomsma JJ, Aanen DK (2009) Rethinking crop-disease management in fungus-growing ants. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA 106: 17611–17612.
|
| [35] | Currie CR, Scott JA, Summerbell RC, Malloch D (1999) Fungus-growing ants use antibiotic-producing bacteria to control garden parasites. Nature 398: 701–704.
|
| [36] | Currie CR, Stuart AE (2001) Weeding and grooming of pathogens in agriculture by ants. Proc R Soc Lond B Biol Sci 268: 1033–1039.
|
| [37] | Fernandez-Marin H, Zimmerman JK, Nash DR, Boomsma JJ, Wcislo WT (2009) Reduced biological control and enhanced chemical pest management in the evolution of fungus farming in ants. Proc R Soc Lond B Biol Sci 276: 2263–2269.
|
| [38] | Little AEF, Currie CR (2008) Black yeast symbionts compromise the efficiency of antibiotic defenses in fungus-growing ants. Ecology 89: 1216–1222.
|
| [39] | Samuels RI, Mattoso TC, Moreira DDO (2013) Chemical warfare: Leaf-cutting ants defend themselves and their gardens against parasite attack by deploying antibiotic secreting bacteria. Commun Integr Biol 6: e23095.
|
| [40] | Seifert KA, Morgan-Jones G, Gams W, Kendrick B (2011) The Genera of Hyphomycetes. Utrecht, Netherlands: CBS-KNAW Fungal Biodiversity Centre.
|
| [41] | Hawksworth DL (2011) A new dawn for the naming of fungi: Impacts of decisions made in Melbourne in July 2011 on the future publication and regulation of fungal names. IMA Fungus 2: 155–162.
|
| [42] | Knapp S, McNeill J, Turland NJ (2011) Fungal nomenclature. Changes to publication requirements made at the XVIII International Botanical Congress in Melbourne - what does e-publication mean for you? Mycotaxon 117: 509–515.
|
| [43] | Rodrigues A (2004) Ocorrência de fungos filamentosos em ninhos de Atta sexdens rubropilosa Forel, 1908 (Hymenoptera: Formicidae) submetidos a tratamentos com iscas tóxicas. Rio ClaroBrazil: Universidade Estadual Paulista. 84 p.
|
| [44] | Rodrigues A, Pagnocca FC, Bueno OC, Pfenning LH, Bacci M (2005) Assessment of microfungi in fungus gardens free of the leaf-cutting ant Atta sexdens rubropilosa (Hymenoptera : Formicidae). Sociobiology 46: 329–334.
|
| [45] | Augustin JO, Santos JFL, Elliot SL (2011) A behavioral repertoire of Atta sexdens (Hymenoptera, Formicidae) queens during the claustral founding and ergonomic stages. Insectes Soc 58: 197–206.
|
| [46] | Fernandez-Marin H, Zimmerman JK, Wcislo WT (2007) Fungus garden platforms improve hygiene during nest establishment in Acromyrmex ants (Hymenoptera, Formicidae, Attini). Insectes Soc 54: 64–69.
|
| [47] | Fernandez-Marin H, Zimmerman JK, Wcislo WT (2003) Nest-founding in Acromyrmex octospinosus (Hymenoptera, Formicidae, Attini): Demography and putative prophylactic behaviors. Insectes Soc 50: 304–308.
|
| [48] | Augustin JO, Santos JFL (2007) The best founding strategy: Atta sexdens (Hymenoptera: Formicidae) queens perform more selfgrooming behaviors than broodcare or tending fungus garden behaviors. Biol 69: 385–387.
|
| [49] | Weber NA (1957) Weeding as a factor in fungus culture by ants. Anat Rec 128: 638–638.
|
| [50] | Augustin JO, Lopes Santos JF (2008) Behavior of early generations of Atta sexdens (Hymenoptera: Formicidae) workers during preparation of leaf substrate for symbiont fungus gardens. Sociobiology 51: 265–281.
|
| [51] | Barke J, Seipke RF, Grueschow S, Heavens D, Drou N, et al. (2010) A mixed community of actinomycetes produce multiple antibiotics for the fungus farming ant Acromyrmex octospinosus. BMC Biol 8.
|
| [52] | Currie CR, Poulsen M, Mendenhall J, Boomsma JJ, Billen J (2006) Coevolved crypts and exocrine glands support mutualistic bacteria in fungus-growing ants. Science 311: 81–83.
|
| [53] | Haeder S, Wirth R, Herz H, Spiteller D (2009) Candicidin-producing Streptomyces support leaf-cutting ants to protect their fungus garden against the pathogenic fungus Escovopsis. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA 106: 4742–4746.
|
| [54] | Kost C, Lakatos T, Boettcher I, Arendholz W-R, Redenbach M, et al. (2007) Non-specific association between filamentous bacteria and fungus-growing ants. Naturwissenschaften 94: 821–828.
|
| [55] | Sen R, Ishak HD, Estrada D, Dowd SE, Hong E, et al. (2009) Generalized antifungal activity and 454-screening of Pseudonocardia and Amycolatopsis bacteria in nests of fungus-growing ants. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA 106: 17805–17810.
|
| [56] | Farji-Brener AG (2000) Leaf-cutting ant nests in temperate environments: Mounds, mound damages and nest mortality rate in Acromyrmex lobicornis. Stud Neotrop Fauna Environ 35: 131–138.
|
| [57] | Bot ANM, Currie CR, Hart AG, Boomsma J (2001) Waste management in leaf-cutting ants. Ethol Ecol Evol 13: 225–237.
|
| [58] | Hart AG (2002) Does disease threat cause colony emigrations in the leafcutting ant Atta colombica (Guerin)? Entomologist's Mon Mag 128: 41–42.
|
| [59] | Waddington SJ, Hughes WOH (2010) Waste management in the leaf-cutting ant Acromyrmex echinatior: The role of worker size, age and plasticity. Behav Ecol Sociobiol 64: 1219–1228.
|
| [60] | Brockhurst MA (2011) Sex, death, and the red queen. Science 333: 166–167.
|
| [61] | Morran LT, Schmidt OG, Gelarden IA, Parrish RC II, Lively CM (2011) Running with the red queen: Host-parasite coevolution selects for biparental sex. Science 333: 216–218.
|
| [62] | Sung G-H, Hywel-Jones NL, Sung J-M, Luangsa-ard JJ, Shrestha B, et al. (2007) Phylogenetic classification of Cordyceps and the clavicipitaceous fungi. Stud Mycol 5–59.
|
| [63] | Spatafora JW, Sung GH, Sung JM, Hywel-Jones NL, White JF (2007) Phylogenetic evidence for an animal pathogen origin of ergot and the grass endophytes. Mol Ecol 16: 1701–1711.
|
| [64] | Samuels GJ (2006) Trichoderma: Systematics, the sexual state, and ecology. Phytopathology 96: 195–206.
|
| [65] | Chaverri P, Gazis RO, Samuels GJ (2011) Trichoderma amazonicum, a new endophytic species on Hevea brasiliensis and H. guianensis from the Amazon basin. Mycologia 103: 139–151.
|
| [66] | Johnston A, Booth C (1983) Plant Pathologist's Pocketbook. KewSurreyEngland: CABI. 439 p.
|
| [67] | Doyle JJ, Doyle JL (1990) Isolation of plant DNA from fresh tissue. Focus 12: 13–15.
|
| [68] | Gardes M, Bruns TD (1993) ITS primers with enhanced specificity for basidiomycetes - application to the identification of mycorrhizae and rusts. Mol Ecol 2: 113–118.
|
| [69] | White TJ, Bruns TD, Lee SB, Taylor JW (1990) Amplification and direct sequencing of fungal ribosomal RNA genes for phylogenetics. In: Innis N, Gelfand D, Sninsky J, White T, editors. PCR - Protocols and Applications - A Laboratory Manual. New York: Academic Press, Inc. pp. 315–322.
|
| [70] | Rehner SA, Samuels GJ (1994) Taxonomy and phylogeny of Gliocladium analyzed from nuclear large subunit ribosomal DNA sequences. Mycol Res 98: 625–634.
|
| [71] | Carbone I, Kohn LM (1999) A method for designing primer sets for speciation studies in filamentous ascomycetes. Mycologia 91: 553–556.
|
| [72] | O'Donnell K, Kistler HC, Cigelnik E, Ploetz RC (1998) Multiple evolutionary origins of the fungus causing Panama disease of banana: Concordant evidence from nuclear and mitochondrial gene genealogies. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA 95: 2044–2049.
|
| [73] | Thompson JD, Higgins DG, Gibson TJ (1994) CLUSTAL W: Improving the sensitivity of progressive multiple sequence alignment through sequence weighting, position specific gap penalties and weight matrix choice. Nucleic Acids Res 22: 4673–4680.
|
| [74] | Tamura K, Peterson D, Peterson N, Stecher G, Nei M, et al. (2011) MEGA5: Molecular evolutionary genetics analysis using maximum likelihood, evolutionary distance, and maximum parsimony methods. Mol Biol Evol 28: 2731–2739.
|
| [75] | Swofford DL (2002) PAUP*. Phylogenetic Analysis Using Parsimony Version 4.0b10. (*and Other Methods). Sunderland, MA: Sinauer Associates.
|
| [76] | Ronquist F, Huelsenbeck JP (2003) MrBayes 3: Bayesian phylogenetic inference under mixed models. Bioinformatics 19: 1572–1574.
|
| [77] | Posada D, Crandall KA (1998) MODELTEST: Testing the model of DNA substitution. Bioinformatics 14: 817–818.
|
| [78] | Nylander JAA (2004) MrModeltest v2. Program distributed by the author. Uppsala University, Sweden: Evolutionary Biology Center.
|
