[1] | Allen AP, Brown JH, Gillooly JF (2002) Global biodiversity, biochemical kinetics, and the energetic-equivalence rule. Science 297: 1545–1548.
|
[2] | Anderson RM, May RM (1991) Infectious diseases of humans: Dynamics and control. Oxford: Oxford University Press. 757 p.
|
[3] | Ashford RW (2000) Parasites as indicators of human biology and evolution. J Med Microbiol 49: 771–772.
|
[4] | Ashford RW, Crewe W (1998) The parasites of Homo sapiens An annotated checklist of the protozoa helminths and arthropods for which we are home. Liverpool: Liverpool School of Tropical Medicine. 128 p.
|
[5] | Atmar W, Patterson BD (1995) The nestedness temperature calculator: A visual basic program, including 294 presence-absence matrices. Chicago: AICS Research. Available: http://aics-research.com/nestedness/temp?calc.html via the Internet. Accessed 30 March 2004.
|
[6] | Brown JH (1995) Macroecology. Chicago: University of Chicago Press. 269 p.
|
[7] | Burnham KP, Anderson DR (2002) Model selection and multimodel inference: A practical information-theoretic approach. New York: Springer-Verlag. 488 p.
|
[8] | Chown SL, Gaston KJ (2000) Areas, cradles and museums: The latitudinal gradient in species richness. Trends Ecol Evol 15: 311–315.
|
[9] | Combes C (1995) Interactions durables: écologie et évolution du parasitisme. Paris: Masson. 524 p.
|
[10] | Cook RR, Quinn JF (1998) An evaluation of randomization models for nested species subsets analysis. Oecologia 113: 584–592.
|
[11] | Crawley MJ (1993) GLIM for ecologists. Oxford: Blackwell Scientific Publications. 379 p.
|
[12] | Curtis TP, Sloan WT, Scannell JW (2002) Estimating prokaryotic diversity and its limits. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 99: 10494–10499.
|
[13] | Gaston KJ, Blackburn TM (2000) Pattern and process in macroecology. Oxford: Blackwell Science Publications. 377 p.
|
[14] | Guégan JF, Hugueny B (1994) A nested parasite species subset pattern in tropical fish: Host as major determinant of parasite infracommunity structure. Oecologia 100: 184–189.
|
[15] | Guégan JF, Thomas F, Hochberg ME, de Mee?s T, Renaud F (2001) Disease diversity and human fertility. Evolution 55: 1308–1314.
|
[16] | Hanski I (1982) Dynamics of regional distribution: The core and satellite species hypothesis. Oikos 38: 210–221.
|
[17] | Hawkins BA, Porter ER (2001) Area and the latitudinal diversity gradient for terrestrial birds. Ecol Lett 4: 595–601.
|
[18] | Hawkins BA, Field R, Cornell HV, Currie DJ, Guegan J-F, et al. (2003) Energy, water, and broad-scale geographic patterns of species richness. Ecology 84: 3105–3117.
|
[19] | Hill JK, Thomas CD, Huntley B (1999) Climate and habitat availability determine 20th century changes in a butterfly's range margin. Proc R Soc Ser B-Bio 266: 1197–1206.
|
[20] | Hillebrand H, Watermann F, Karez R, Berninger UG (2001) Differences in species richness patterns between unicellular and multicellular organisms. Oecologia 126: 114–124.
|
[21] | Huston MA (1999) Local processes and regional patterns: Appropriate scales for understanding variation in the diversity of plants and animals. Oikos 86: 393–401.
|
[22] | Kaufman DM (1995) Diversity of New World mammals: Universality of the latitudinal gradients of species and bauplans. J Mammal 76: 322–334.
|
[23] | Lindgren E, Gustafson R (2001) Tick-borne encephalitis in Sweden and climate change. Lancet 358: 16–18.
|
[24] | Lomolino MV (1996) Investigating causality of nestedness of animal communities: Selective immigrations or extinctions? J Biogeogr 23: 699–713.
|
[25] | Manly BFJ (1991) Randomization, bootstrap and Monte Carlo methods in biology. London: Chapman and Hall. 399 p.
|
[26] | Nee S (2003) Unveiling prokaryotic diversity. Trends Ecol Evol 18: 62–63.
|
[27] | Patterson BD, Atmar W (1986) Nested subsets and the structure of insular mammalian faunas and archipelagos. Biol J Linn Soc 28: 65–82.
|
[28] | Patterson BD, Brown JH (1991) Regionally nested patterns of species composition in granivorous rodent assemblages. J Biogeogr 18: 395–402.
|
[29] | Pianka ER (1966) Latitudinal gradients in species diversity: A review of concepts. Am Nat 100: 33–46.
|
[30] | Poulin R (1998) Evolutionary ecology of parasites: From individuals to communities. London: Chapman and Hall. 212 p.
|
[31] | Poulin R, Guégan JF (2000) Nestedness, anti-nestedness, and the relationship between prevalence and intensity in ectoparasite assemblages of marine fish: A spatial model of species coexistence. Int J Parasitol 30: 1147–1152.
|
[32] | Rahbek C, Graves GR (2001) Multiscale assessment of patterns of avian species richness. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 98: 4534–4539.
|
[33] | Rohde K (1992) Latitudinal gradients in species diversity: The search for the primary cause. Oikos 65: 514–527.
|
[34] | Rohde K (1997) The larger area of the tropics does not explain latitudinal gradients in species diversity. Oikos 79: 169–172.
|
[35] | Rosenzweig ML (1995) Species diversity in space and time. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press. 436 p.
|
[36] | Roy K, Jablonski D, Valentine JW, Rosenberg G (1998) Marine latitudinal diversity gradients: Tests of causal hypotheses. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 95: 3699–3702.
|
[37] | Scott S, Duncan CJ (1998) Human demography and disease. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press. 354 p.
|
[38] | Shaw MR, Hochberg ME (2001) The neglect of parasitic Hymenoptera in insect conservation strategies: The British fauna as a prime example. J Insect Conserv 5: 253–263.
|
[39] | Stevens GC (1989) The latitudinal gradient in geographic range: How so many species coexist in the tropics. Am Nat 133: 240–256.
|
[40] | Stevens GC (1992) The elevation gradients in altitudinal range: An extension of Rapoport's latitudinal rule to altitude. Am Nat 140: 893–911.
|
[41] | Stevens RD, Cox SB, Strauss RE, Willig MR (2003) Patterns of functional diversity across an extensive environmental gradient: Vertebrate consumers, hidden treatments and latitudinal trends. Ecol Lett 6: 1099–1108.
|
[42] | Venables WN, Ripley BD (1999) Modern applied statistics with S-PLUS, 3rd ed. New York: Springer-Verlag. 501 p.
|
[43] | Wilson K, Grenfell BT (1997) Generalized linear modelling for parasitologists. Parasitol Today 13: 33–38.
|
[44] | Wright DH, Patterson BD, Mikkelson GM, Cutler A, Atmar W (1998) A comparative analysis of nested subset patterns of species composition. Oecologia 113: 1–20.
|