[1] | Appel HM, Martin MM (1992) Significance of metabolic load in the evolution of host specificity in . Ecology 73: 216–228.
|
[2] | Baldwin IT (1988) Short-term damage-induced increases in tobacco alkaloids protect plants. Oecologia 75: 367–370.
|
[3] | Baldwin IT (1998) Jasmonate-induced responses are costly but benefit plants under attack in native populations. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 95: 8113–8118.
|
[4] | Barbosa P, Saunders JA, Kemper J, Trumbule R, Olechno J, et al. (1986) Plant allelochemicals and insect parasitoids effects of nicotine on (Say) (Hymenoptera, Braconidae) and (Cresson) (Hymenoptera, Ichneumonidae). J Chem Ecol 12: 1319–1328.
|
[5] | Bell EA (1987) Secondary compounds and insect herbivores. In: Labeyrie V, Fabres G, Lachaise D, editors. Insects-plants: Proceedings of the 6th international symposium on insect-plant relationships (PAU 1986). The Hague: Dr. W. Junk Publishers. pp. 19–23.
|
[6] | Bennett RN, Wallsgrove RM (1994) Secondary metabolites in plant defense mechanisms. New Phytol 127: 617–633.
|
[7] | Berenbaum MR, Zangerl AR, Nitao JK (1986) Constraints on chemical coevolution: Wild parsnips and the parsnip webworm. Evolution 40: 1215–1228.
|
[8] | Bergelson J, Purrington CB (1996) Surveying patterns in the cost of resistance in plants. Am Nat 148: 536–558.
|
[9] | Bergelson J, Purrington CB, Palm CJ, López-Gutiérrez J-C (1996) Cost of resistance: A test using transgenic . Proc R Soc Lond B Biol Sci 263: 1659–1663.
|
[10] | Bowers MD, Puttick GM (1988) Response of generalist and specialist insects to qualitative allelochemical variation. J Chem Ecol 14: 319–334.
|
[11] | Caldwell MM, Robberecht R, Flint SD (1983) Internal filters: Prospects for UV-acclimation in higher plants. Physiol Plant 58: 445–450.
|
[12] | Carozzi N, Koziel M (1997) Advances in insect control: The role of transgenic plants. London: Taylor and Francis. 301 p.
|
[13] | Chintapakorn Y, Hamill JD (2003) Antisense-mediated down-regulation of putrescine N-methyltransferase activity in transgenic L. can lead to elevated levels of anatabine at the expense of nicotine. Plant Mol Biol 53: 87–105.
|
[14] | Glendinning JI (2002) How do herbivorous insects cope with noxious secondary plant compounds in their diet? Entomol Exp Appl 104: 15–25.
|
[15] | Hairston NG, Smith FE, Slobodkin LB (1960) Community structure, population control, and competition. Am Nat 94: 421–425.
|
[16] | Halitschke R, Baldwin IT (2003) Antisense LOX expression increases herbivore performance by decreasing defense responses and inhibiting growth-related transcriptional reorganization in . Plant J 36: 794–807.
|
[17] | Halitschke R, Kessler A, Kahl J, Lorenz A, Baldwin IT (2000) Ecophysiological comparison of direct and indirect defenses in . Oecologia 124: 408–417.
|
[18] | Hedin PA (1991) Use of natural products in pest control: Developing research trends. In: Hedin PA, editor. Naturally occurring pest bioregulators. Washington, DC: American Chemical Society. pp. 1–11.
|
[19] | Hermsmeier D, Schittko U, Baldwin IT (2001) Molecular interactions between the specialist herbivore (Lepidoptera, Sphingidae) and its natural host . I. Large-scale changes in the accumulation of growth- and defense-related plant mRNAs. Plant Physiol 125: 683–700.
|
[20] | Hilder VA, Boulter D (1999) Genetic engineering of crop plants for insect resistance: A critical review. Crop Prot 18: 177–191.
|
[21] | Jackson DM, Johnson AW, Stephenson MG (2002) Survival and development of (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae) larvae on isogenic tobacco lines with different levels of alkaloids. J Econ Entomol 95: 1294–1302.
|
[22] | Karban R, Agrawal AA (2002) Herbivore offense. Annu Rev Ecol Syst 33: 641–664.
|
[23] | Kein?nen M, Oldham NJ, Baldwin IT (2001) Rapid HPLC screening of jasmonate-induced increases in tobacco alkaloids, phenolics, and diterpene glycosides in . J Agric Food Chem 49: 3553–3558.
|
[24] | Kessler A, Baldwin IT (2004) Herbivore-induced plant vaccination. Part I. The orchestration of plant defenses in nature and their fitness consequences in the wild tobacco . Plant J 38: 639–649.
|
[25] | Kester KM, Peterson SC, Hanson F, Jackson DM, Severson RF (2002) The roles of nicotine and natural enemies in determining larval feeding site distributions of L. and (Haworth) on tobacco. Chemoecology 12: 1–10.
|
[26] | Krügel T, Lim M, Gase K, Halitschke R, Baldwin IT (2002) Agrobacterium-mediated transformation of , a model ecological expression system. Chemoecology 12: 177–183.
|
[27] | Leete E, Slattery SA (1976) Incorporation of [2–14C]- and [6–14C] nicotinic acid into tobacco alkaloids. Biosynthesis of anatabine and α,β,-diperidyl. J Am Chem Soc 98: 6326–6330.
|
[28] | Orozco-Cardenas M, McGurl B, Ryan CA (1993) Expression of an antisense prosystemin gene in tomato plants reduces resistance toward larvae. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 90: 8273–8276.
|
[29] | Parr JC, Thurston R (1972) Toxicity of nicotine in synthetic diets to larvae of the tobacco hornworm. Ann Entomol Soc Am 65: 1158–1188.
|
[30] | Purrington CB, Bergelson J (1997) Fitness consequences of genetically engineered herbicide and antibiotic resistance in . Genetics 145: 807–814.
|
[31] | Roda AL, Baldwin IT (2003) Molecular technology reveals how the induced direct defenses of plants work. Basic Appl Ecol 4: 15–26.
|
[32] | Schmeltz I (1971) Nicotine and other tobacco alkalioids. In: Jacobson M, Crosby DG, editors. Naturally occurring insecticides. New York: Mercel Dekker. pp. 99–136.
|
[33] | Shonle I, Bergelson J (2000) Evolutionary ecology of the tropane alkaloids of L. (Solanaceae). Evolution 54: 778–788.
|
[34] | Tian D, Traw MB, Chen JQ, Kreitman, Bergelson J (2003) Fitness costs of R-gene-mediated resistance in . Nature 423: 74–77.
|
[35] | Thorpe KW, Barbosa P (1986) Effects of consumption of high and low nicotine tobacco by (Lepidoptera, Sphingidae) on survival of gregarious endoparasitoid (Hymenoptera, Braconidae). J Chem Ecol 12: 1329–1337.
|
[36] | van Dam NM, Horn M, Mares M, Baldwin IT (2001) Ontogeny constrains systemic protease inhibitor response in . J Chem Ecol 27: 547–568.
|
[37] | Voelckel C, Krugel T, Gase K, Heidrich N, van Dam NM, et al. (2001) Anti-sense expression of putrescine N-methyltransferase confirms defensive role of nicotine in against . Chemoecology 11: 121–126.
|
[38] | Wesley SV, Helliwell CA, Smith NA, Wang MB, Rouse DT, et al. (2001) Construct design for efficient, effective and high-throughput gene silencing in plants. Plant J 27: 581–590.
|
[39] | Wink M, Theile V (2002) Alkaloid tolerance in and phylogenetically related sphingids (Lepidoptera: Sphingidae). Chemoecology 12: 29–46.
|
[40] | Winz RA, Baldwin IT (2001) Molecular interactions between the specialist herbivore (Lepidoptera, Sphingidae) and its natural host . IV. Insect-induced ethylene reduces jasmonate-induced nicotine accumulation by regulating putrescine N-methyltransferase transcripts. Plant Physiol 125: 2189–2202.
|
[41] | Yamamoto I, Soeda Y, Kamimura H, Yamamoto R (1968) Studies on nicotinoids as an insecticide. Part VII. Cholinesterase inhibition by nicotinoids and pyridylalkylamines: Its significance of action. Agric Biol Chem 32: 1341–1348.
|