Objective: The study aims to assess Pu’er rural drinking water quality and to investigate the reasons why microbial indexes exceed the national rural drinking water standard. Methods: The study uses existing data obtained from Pu’er rural drinking water monitoring Network. Simultaneously, a series of semi-constructed in-depth interviews were conducted with key informants. Results: The water samples taken from Pu’er which met the national rural drinking water standard only accounted for 17.5%, while 82.5% of samples did not meet this standard. The P-value of x2 test of total colony and total coliform number with chemical and physical treatment was .195 and .000, treated water and tap water was .175 and .340, dry season and rainy season was .003 and .000. Discussion: The results present that the percentage of water in Pu’er Municipality which meets the national rural drinking water standard is very low.
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