New water-basednanofluidsincludingunparalleledmilk protein α-lactalbuminhollow nano-bio-tubes using low cost, available and advanced partial chemical hydrolysisstrategy inbottom-up nano-assembly have been employed in this work. Theaqueoussol-gel chemistry innanotechnology which we selected for this goal offersnew fabrication as interesting smart protein nanotubes. The kinds of nanometer sized tubular structures such as waved, helically coiled,bent, bamboo-shaped, bead-like andbranched single-walled protein nanotubes (SWPNTs) with a range of 3-8 nm in outer diameters wereproducedby this method. Complete characterization for natural produced nanotubes including SEM, TEM images, G bond and D bond in Raman spectroscopy, XRD patterns, DLS(Dynamic Light Scattering) and FTIR analysiswere evaluated which they are most significantexperimentsin synthesizedprotein nanotubes soluble in clear water nanofluids and stabilization oftransparent nanofluidswas proved within more than one year after preparation. Various necessary ligand ion saltssuch as
References
[1]
M. G. Ryadnov and D. N Woolfson, “Fiber Recruiting Peptides: Noncovalent Decoration of an Engineered Protein Scaffold,” Journal of the American Chemical Society, Vol. 126, No. 24, 2004, pp. 7454-7455.
doi:10.1021/ja048144r
[2]
Y. Astie, H. Bayley and S. Howorka, “Protein Components for Nanodevices,” Current Opinion in Chemical Biology, Vol. 9, No. 6, 2005, pp. 576-584.
doi:10.1016/j.cbpa.2005.10.012
[3]
R. Mehravar, M. Jahanshahi and N. Saghatoleslami, “Production of Biological Nanoparticles from α-Lactalbumin for Drug Delivery and Food Science Application,” African Journal of Biotechnology, Vol. 8, No. 24, 2009, pp. 6822-6827.
[4]
I. J. Arroyo-Maya, J. O. Rodliles-Lopez, M. Cornejo Mazon, G. F. Gutierrez-Lopez, A. Hernandez-Arana, C. Toledo-Nunez, G. V. Barbosa-Canovas, J. O. Flores Flores and H. Hernandez-Sanchez, “Effect of Different Treatments on the Ability of α-Lactalbumin to Form Nanoparticles,” Journal of Dairy Science, Vol. 95, No. 11, 2012, pp. 6204-6214. doi:10.3168/jds.2011-5103
[5]
S. Keten and M. J. Buehler, “Large Deformation and Fracture Mechanics of a Beta-Helical Protein Nanotube: Atomistic and Continuum Modeling,” Computer Methods in Applied Mechanics and Engineering, Vol. 197, No. 41, 2008, pp. 3203-3214. doi:10.1016/j.cma.2007.11.028
[6]
J. F. Graveland-Bikker and C. G. de Kruifa, “Unique Milk Protein Based Nanotubes: Food and Nanotechnologymeet,” Trends in Food Science & Technology, Vol. 17, No. 5, 2006, pp. 196-203. doi:10.1016/j.tifs.2005.12.009
[7]
S. Banta, Z. Megeed, M. Casali, K. Rege and M. L. Yarmush, “Engineering Protein and Peptide Building Blocks for Nanotechnology,” Journal of Nanoscience and Nanotechnology, Vol. 7, No. 2, 2007, pp. 387-401.
doi:10.1166/jnn.2007.153
[8]
J. D. Hartgerin and E. Beniash, S. Stupp, “Peptide-am phiphile nanofibers: A versatile scaffold for the preparation of self-assembling materials,” Proceedings of the National Academy Sciences, Vol. 99, 2002, pp. 133-138.
[9]
X. Gao and H. Matsui, “Peptide-Based Nanotubes and Their Applications in Bionanotechnology,” Advanced Materials, Vol. 17, No. 17, 2005, pp. 2037-2050.
doi:10.1002/adma.200401849
[10]
P. Esmaeilzadeh, Z. Fakhroueian and A. A. Miran Beigi, “Synthesis of Biopolymeric α-Lactalbumin Protein Nanoparticles and Nanosphericals as Green Nanofluids Using in Drug Delivery and Food Technology,” Journal of Nano Research, Vol. 16, 2011, pp. 89-96.
doi:10.4028/www.scientific.net/JNanoR.16.89
[11]
P. Esmaeilzadeh, Z. Fakhroueian, M. Jahanshahi, M. Chamani, H. R. Zamanizadeh and B. Rasekh, “ A Synthetic Garden of State of the Art Natural Protein Nanoarchitectures Dispersed in Nanofluids,” Journal of Biomedical Nanotechnology, Vol. 7, No. 3, 2011, pp. 1-8.
doi:10.1166/jbn.2011.1304
[12]
P. Esmaeilzadeh, Z. Fakhroueian and Po. Esmaeilzadeh, “Producing the Controlled Hybrid Lattice of Natural Protein Nanotubes by Chemical Hydrolysis for Nanomedicine,” Journal of Nano Research, Vol. 21, 2013, pp. 7-13.
doi:10.4028/www.scientific.net/JNanoR.21.7
[13]
J. F. Graveland-Bikker, R, Ipsen, J. Otte and C. G. De Kruif, “Influence of Calcium on the Self-Assembly of Partially Hydrolyzed Alpha-Lactalbumin,” Langmuir, Vol. 20, No. 16, 2004, pp. 6841-6846.
doi:10.1021/la049579v
[14]
L. Chen, G. E. Remondetto and M. Subirade, “Food Protein-Based Materials as Nutraceutical Delivery Systems,” Trend in Food Science and Technology, Vol. 17, No. 5, 2006, pp. 272-283.
doi:10.1016/j.tifs.2005.12.011
[15]
M. Zhang and J. Li, “Carbon Nanotube in Different Shapes,” Materials Today, Vol. 12, No. 6, 2009, pp. 12-18. doi:10.1016/S1369-7021(09)70176-2
[16]
L. Chen and H. Xie, “Surfactant-Free Nanofluids Containing Double and Single-Walled Carbon Nanotubes Functionalized by a Wet-Mechanochemicalreaction,” Thermochemical Acta, Vol. 497, pp. 67-71.
[17]
G. Jiang, L. Wang, C. Chen, X. Dong, T. Chen and H. Yu, “Study on Attachment of Highly Branched Molecules onto Multiwalled Carbon Nanotubes,” Material Letters, Vol. 59, No. 16, 2005, pp. 2085-2089.
doi:10.1016/j.matlet.2005.01.085
[18]
X. Huang, C. Pan and X. Huang, “Preparation and Characterization of γ-MnO2/CNTs Nanocomposite,” Materials Letters, Vol. 61, No. 4-5, 2007, pp. 934-936.
doi:10.1016/j.matlet.2006.06.040
[19]
D. Zhang, L. Shi, J. Fang, K. Dai and X. Li, “Preparation and Desalination Performance of Multiwall Carbon Nanotubes,” Materials Chemistry and Physics, Vol. 97, No. 2-3, 2006, pp. 415-419.
doi:10.1016/j.matchemphys.2005.08.036
[20]
M. Kronman, “Metal Ion Binding and the Molecular Conformational Properties of α-Lactalbumin,” Critical Reviews in Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Vol. 24, No. 6, 1989, pp. 565-667.
doi:10.3109/10409238909080054
[21]
R. Ipsen and J. Otte, “Self-Assembly of Partially Hydrolysed α-Lactalbumin,” Biotechnology Advances, Vol. 25, No. 6, 2007, pp. 602-605.
doi:10.1016/j.biotechadv.2007.07.006
[22]
P. Esmaeilzadeh, Z. Fakhroueian, H. R. Zamanizadeh and B. Rasekh, “Single-Walled Natural Protein Nanotubes Soluble in Polar Solvent,” International Journal of Green Nanotechnology, Vol. 3, No. 1, 2011, pp. 37-46.
doi:10.1080/19430892.2011.574529