This paper proposes a single integrated traffic enforcement system that is able to recognize and report various traffic violations. It consists of a Wi-Fi infrastructure that enables communication between moving vehicles and a central node. Unlike existing solutions, which address single violations, the proposed model encompasses several issues like exceeding speed limits, entering a no entry street, car theft, congestion and tolling. OPNET simulations were run to test the Wi-Fi model and define its different characteristics and limitations. A proof-of-concept case was modeled, and the proposed architecture succeeded in meeting all design requirements.
References
[1]
Y. A. Kathawala and B. Tueck, “The Use of RFID for Traffic Management,” International Journal of Technology, Policy and Management, Vol. 8, No. 2, 2008.
doi:10.1504/IJTPM.2008.017215
E. Sifuentes, “Wireless Magnetic Sensor Node for Vehicle Detection with Optical Wake-Up,” IEEE Sensors Journal, Vol. 11, No. 8, 2011, pp. 1669-1676.
doi:10.1109/JSEN.2010.2103937
[5]
MARSH Products Inc, “The Basics of Loop Vehicle Detection,” 2011.
http://www.marshproducts.com/pdf/Inductive%20Loop%20Write%20up.pdf
[6]
Y. Byon, A. Shalaby and B. Abdulhai, “Travel Time Collection and Traffic Monitoring via GPS Technologies,” Proceedings of the IEEE Intelligent Transportation Systems Conference ITSC, Toronto, September 2006.
[7]
J. C. Herrera, D. B. Work, R. Herring, X. Ban and A. M. Bayen, “Evaluation of Traffic Data Obtained via GPS-Enabled Mobile Phones: The Mobile Century Field Experiment,” Journal of Transportation Research Part C: Emerging Technologies, Vol. 18, No. 4, 2010.
[8]
S. Bandyopadhyay, “Traffic Congestion Management Using RFID & Wireless Technologies,” Indian Institute of Management, Calcutta, 2011.
http://www.intranse.in/its1/sites/default/files/7-Congestion%20Management-Somprakash.pdf
[9]
IEEE 802.3 Std.
[10]
IEEE 802.11 Std.
[11]
Official Site for OPNET Network Modeler.
http://www.opnet.com
[12]
Minnesota Department of Transportation.
http://www.chico.ca.us/building_development_services/traffic/speed_limits.asp
[13]
“Driving in France, French Monitoring Laws.”
http://driving.drive-alive.co.uk/driving-in-france.htm
[14]
T. S. Rappaport, “Wireless Communications: Principles and Practice,” 2nd Edition, Prentice Hall, Upper Saddle River, 2002.
[15]
T. Chrysikos and S. Kotsopoulos, “Impact of Channel-Dependent Variation of Path Loss Exponent on Wireless Information-Theoretic Security,” Proceedings of the IEEE Wireless Telecommunications Symposium WTS, Prague, April 2009.
[16]
Official Site for FCC Regulations. www.fcc.gov
[17]
Tropos, “Receive Sensitivity: A Practical Explanation,” 2007.
http://www.tropos.com/pdf/technology_briefs/tropos_techbrief_rx_sensitivity.pdf
