A Comparison between the Efficacy of Bio-Oss, Hydroxyapatite Tricalcium Phosphate and Combination of Mesenchymal Stem Cells in Inducing Bone Regeneration

Background: Recently, tissue engineering has been introduced as a regenerative treatmentfor bone defects. There is some evidence showing bone regeneration frommesenchymal stem cells (MSC) loaded on hydroxyapatite β-tricalcium phosphate (HA/TCP) as a scaffold in large defects. This study aimed to comparethe quality and quantity of regenerated bone using Bio-Oss, HA/TCP andMSC loaded HA/TCP scaffolds.Methods: Mesenchymal stem cells were aspirated from iliac crest bone marrow afterextracting the first, second and third premolars and the first molar in fivemature hybrid dogs. The cells were cultured and their osteogenic differentiation potential was evaluated after the third cell passage using Alizarin redstaining in experimental conditions. The HA/TCP scaffold (3 x 3 x 3 mm)was loaded with undifferentiated mesenchymal stem cells. Bilateral bonedefects were then prepared in the jaws using trephine burs. The defects wererandomly filled with HA/TCP, Bio-Oss, or HA/TCP + MSCs. One defectserved as a control and was left as an empty cavity. All defects except thecontrol defect were covered with an absorbable membrane. Histological andhistomorphometric evaluations were conducted after 6 weeks and data weresubjected to analysis of variance (ANOVA) (p < 0.05).Results: The empty cavity demonstrated more bone formation (60.80%) than theHA/TCP (44.93%) and Bio-Oss (40.60%) (p < 0.05) groups. However, thedifference from the HA/TCP + MSCs group was not significant (46.38%)(p > 0.05).Conclusion: An MSC-loaded HA/TCP scaffold is a more effective alternative than BioOSS or HA/TCP in inducing bone regeneration.