Sarcomeric model of stretch-induced stress fiber reorganization

Roland Kaunas1, Hui-Ju Hsu1, Shinji Deguchi21Department of Biomedical Engineering, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX, USA; 2Department of Biomedical Engineering, Tohoku University, Sendai, JapanAbstract: Actin stress fibers (SFs) are mechanosensitive structural elements that respond to applied stress and strain to regulate cell morphology, signal transduction, and cell function. Results from various studies indicate that SFs tend to maintain stress or strain at a constant level. We developed a simple quantitative sarcomeric model of SFs to predict the role of actomyosin crossbridge cycling in SF tension regulation and reorientation in response to cyclic stretching. Under static conditions, the steady-state levels of SF tension were determined by the fiber passive stiffness and the stall force of the constituent myosin II filaments. When subject to cyclic changes in length at low frequencies, SFs change their unloaded reference length levels through myosin sliding to maintain tension at the original level. At high stretch frequencies, myosin cannot respond quickly enough and the SF behaves elastically. Myosin sliding also contributes to SF turnover, resulting in SF reorientation away from the direction of stretching at high, but not low, stretch frequencies. Using model parameters extracted from the literature, our model describes the dependence of cyclic stretch-induced SF alignment on stretch frequency and pattern consistent with experimental findings. This analysis predicts that myosin II plays multiple roles in regulating the ability of SFs to adapt to a dynamic mechanical environment.Keywords: mechanical stretch, cytoskeletal dynamics, myosin, mechanotransduction