What do we really know about contrast-induced nephropathy?

The increase in the number of diagnostic and therapeutic procedures by using contrast agents increases the possibility of developing of contrast-induced nephropathy (CIN). It has been noticed that CIN develops almost exclusively in invasive cardiovascular tests and procedures, while it develops very rarely during the CT-angiography. The risk factors for the development of CIN have been mentioned, recommendations for monitoring of renal function have been put forward and potential perioperative prevention methods have been mentioned. With most commonly used iodine ions as radiocontrast agents and the use of gadolinium, we can cause nephrogenic systemic sclerosis in patients with chronic renal failure, which sclerosis cannot be prevented or appropriately treated, and in addition to magnetic resonance imaging test with the use of contrast agents we should carefully evaluate the risks in relation to potential benefit of the test in nephrologic patients.