The Anti-Cancer Effect of a Novel Nutrient Mixture by Inhibiting MMPs Expression, Invasion and Inducing Apoptosis in Chondrosarcoma Cell Line SW-1353

Chondrosarcoma, a malignant tumor of cartilaginous origin is the most frequent adult primary bone cancers. Surgery is the main treatment option because chondrosarcoma typically does not respond to radiation and chemotherapy. Cancer mortality usually results from the local and distant metastasis. A nutrient mixture containing ascorbic acid, lysine, proline, green tea extract, was tested on chondrosarcoma cells SW-1353 for viability, matrix metalloproteinase expression, Matrigel invasion, morphology and apoptosis. The SW-1353 cells were grown in appropriate media and treated with the nutrient mixture at 10, 50, 100, 500 and 1000 μg/ml concentrations. Cells were also treated with PMA (100 ng/ml) for MMP-9 stimulation. Cell proliferation was carried out by MTT assay, MMPs by zymography, invasion through Matrigel. Morphology and apoptosis were also conducted. The nutrient mixture did not exhibit toxicity at 100 μg/ml, but showed 40% inhibition at 1000 μg/ml. Zymography demonstrated two bands, for MMP-2 and MMP-9. PMA treatment further enhanced MMP-9 expression. The nutrient mixture inhibited expression of both MMPs in a dose dependent manner. Matrigel invasion was reduced by 40%, 70%, 88% and 100% at 50, 100, 500 and 1000 μg/ml respectively. The nutrient mixture induced slight apoptosis at 250 μg/ml, moderate at 500 μg/ml and significant at 1000 μg/ml concentrations. Morphology showed slight changes at the highest concentrations. The nutrient mixture significantly inhibited all the important hallmarks for cancer progression, suggesting that it has a possibility for exploration as a significant therapeutic entity in chondrosarcoma.