Globalization, Migration and Development

English Migration may become the most important branch of demography in the earlydecades of the new millennium in a rapidly globalizing world. This paper discusses the causes, costsand benefits of international migration to countries of the South and North, and key issues of commonconcern. International migration is as old as national boundaries, though its nature, volume,direction, causes and consequences have changed. The causes of migration are rooted in the rate ofpopulation growth and the proportion of youth in the population, their education and training,employment opportunities, income differentials in society, communication and transportationfacilities, political freedom and human rights and level of urbanization. Migration benefits the Souththrough remittances of migrants, improves the economic welfare of the population (particularly women)of South countries generally, increases investment, and leads to structural changes in the economy.However, emigration from the South has costs too, be they social or caused by factors such as braindrain. The North also benefits by migration through enhancement of economic growth, development ofnatural resources, improved employment prospects, social development and through exposure toimmigrants' new cultures and lifestyles. Migration also has costs to the North such as of immigrantintegration, a certain amount of destabilization of the economy, illegal immigration, and socialproblems of discrimination and exploitation. Issues common to both North and South include impact onprivate investment, trade, international cooperation, and sustainable development. Both North andSouth face a dilemma in seeking an appropriate balance between importing South's labour or itsproducts and exporting capital and technology from the North. French La migration est sans doute devenue la partie la plus importante de la démographie des premières décennies du nouveau millénaire dans un monde qui change rapidement. Ce document porte sur les causes, les co ts et les avantages de la migration internationale vers les pays du Sud et du Nord ainsi que sur les grandes préoccupations communes. La migration internationale existe depuis l'avènement des frontières nationales, bien que sa nature, son volume, sa direction ainsi que ses causes et conséquences aient changé. Les causes de la migration trouvent leur origine dans le taux de croissance d'une population, sa proportion de jeunes, leur niveau d'éducation et de formation, les occasions d'emploi, les écarts de revenu dans la société, les systèmes de communication et de transport, la libert