Applications of Number Theory in Statistics

There have been several fascinating applications of Number Theory in Statistics. The purpose of this survey paper is to highlight certain important such applications. Prime numbers constitute an interesting and challenging area of research in number theory. Diophantine equations form the central part of number theory. An equation requiring integral solutions is called a Diophantine equation. In the first part of this paper, some problems related to prime numbers and the role of Diophantine equations in Design Theory is discussed. The contribution of Fibonacci and Lucas numbers to a quasi-residual Metis design is explained. A famous problem related to finite fields is the Discrete Logarithm problem. In the second part of this paper, the structure of Discrete Logarithm is discussed.