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Synadenium umbellatum Pax. promotes cell cycle arrest and induces apoptosis in K-562 leukemia cells

DOI: 10.1590/s1984-82502012000300017

Keywords: Synadenium umbellatum , Synadenium umbellatum , Synadenium umbellatum , Célula K-562 , Célula K-562 , Synadenium umbellatum , Synadenium umbellatum , Synadenium umbellatum , K-562 cells , K-562 cells

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Abstract:

Chronic myeloid leukemia (CML) is a clonal myeloproliferative disease that shows apoptosis resistance. The introduction of imatinib mesylate has revolutionized the treatment of CML, but imatinib resistance may develop at any time and inevitably leads to disease progression. Synadenium umbellatum Pax. belongs to the Euphorbiaceae family and is popularly used in Brazil for the treatment of cancer. The cytotoxicity of Euphorbiaceae is associated with the ability of these plants and their bioactive compounds to induce apoptotic tumor cell death. Therefore, we aimed to investigate the cytotoxicity and the mechanisms of death induced by S. umbellatum extract in leukemic cells. S. umbellatum cytotoxicity was evaluated by trypan blue exclusion assay and flow cytometric analysis of the cell cycle; the mechanisms involved in K-562 cell death were investigated by light microscopy and flow cytometry. The results demonstrate that S. umbellatum is cytotoxic to leukemic cells in a concentration-dependent manner. Morphological analysis revealed that S. umbellatum treatment induced K-562 cell death by an apoptotic pathway. Furthermore, data indicate ROS overproduction, alterations in mitochondrial membrane potential, phosphatidylserine externalization and activation of caspase 9. Taken together, the results demonstrate that S. umbellatum extract arrested the cell cycle and triggered apoptosis at several levels in K-562 cells. A leucemia mielóide cr nica (LMC) é uma doen a mieloproliferativa clonal, que apresenta resistência à apoptose. A introdu o do mesilato de imatinibe revolucionou o tratamento da LMC, porém a resistência ao imatinibe pode ser desenvolvida em qualquer tempo e, inevitavelmente, leva à progress o da doen a. Synadenium umbellatum Pax. pertence à família Euphorbiaceae e é usado popularmente no Brasil para o tratamento do cancer. A citotoxicidade das Euphorbiaceae está associada com a capacidade dessas plantas e seus compostos bioativos em induzir apoptose em células tumorais. Portanto, este trabalho teve como objetivo investigar a citotoxicidade e os mecanismos de morte induzidos por S. umbellatum em células leucêmicas. A citotoxicidade de S. umbellatum foi avaliada pelo ensaio de exclus o do azul de tripano e a análise do ciclo celular foi feita por citometria de fluxo. Os mecanismos envolvidos na morte celular das células K-562 foram investigados por microscopia óptica e por citometria de fluxo. Os resultados demonstraram que S. umbellatum é citotóxico para células leucêmicas de uma maneira dependente da concentra o. A análise morfológica revelou que

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