Nuevas teorias de la democracia De la democracia formal a la democracia deliberativa.

Neoliberalism conceives of democracy in capitalist terms, deprived of its utopic and normative dimensions in the name of the market and efficiency. The resulting political model, restricted and neoconservative in nature, depoliticizes the concept of the citizen, negates state intervention, narrows the political environment, frees the economy from political interventions and deteriorates the meaning and reaching of the public sphere. Given this problematic, the article analyzes the plausibility of distinct theoretical reflections on democracy from a postliberal (Rawls), socialist (Habermas) and postsocialist perspective, based upon the Frankfurt School’s third generation discussions of radical democracy, Negri and Hardt’s analyses of real democracy, postmodern republicanism’s disputatory democracy, and Touraine’s liberation democracy. In this vein, the article also identifies democracy’s “escape points” by examining this model’s emancipatory potential through authors such as Agamben, Zizek and Virno.