Transformation of vegetation and soil, which takes place in dark-coniferous forests under the action of clear fellings, fires and haymaking in dominating forest conditions of the mountains of the Middle Urals (at the bottom of draining gentle slopes), was studied. It was found that strong anthropogenic effects lead to appearance of a wide spectrum of vegetation communities within a single forest ecotope (one type of radical forests). For a long time these vegetation communities differ by the structure of all vegetation layers, conditions of soil formation, and, consequently, by the direction and intensity of restoration processes.
