基于Nash单位线的降雨入渗补给过程模拟研究
Study on Simulating Transient Groundwater Recharge from Precipitation by Using Nash Unit Hydrograph Model*

本文将降雨入渗补给过程概化为扣损和调蓄两个先后过程，分别用水量平衡法和Nash单位线法对扣损过程和调蓄过程进行模拟。选取安徽五道沟大型水文水资源综合实验站7个地下水位埋深从0.6 m到5.0 m的蒸渗仪资料，进行降雨入渗补给过程模拟，并分析了单位线参数随地下水位埋深的变化规律。研究结果显示，对于五道沟无作物砂姜黑土：基于Nash单位线的扣损–调蓄模型，能够较好地模拟的降雨入渗补给日过程；随着地下水位埋深的增大，非饱和带的蓄滞能力越强；非饱和带平均入渗补给滞时随地下水位埋深的增大而增大。

Abstract: Transient groundwater recharge from precipitation was simplified to two successively processes, named water loss and water transfer, with a water balance model and a water transfer model to simulate them respectively. Seven lysimeters packing undisturbed lime concretion black soil without plants kept fix groundwater depth from 0.6 m to 5.0 m was selected, to simulate transient groundwater recharge from pre-cipitation and analysis the variation of the characteristics of the unsaturated zone represented by the unit hy-drograph parameters to the groundwater depth. The result indicates, for lime concretion black soil in Wu-daogou: the daily groundwater recharge from precipitation can be simulated by the water balance-water transfer model properly; the arrest ability of the unsaturated zone was enhancing with the increasing of groundwater depth; the average delay time of the groundwater recharge was lengthening with the increasing of groundwater depth, mainly effected by the change of arrest ability of the unsaturated zone.