Sulfur dioxide (SO2) and nitrogen dioxide (NO2) emissions generated at coal burning power plants and from transport are a leading cause of acid deposition and chemical smog in many parts of the world. Sulfur dioxide emitted by thermal power plants and from transport in Kosovo is transported via prevailing winds to other locations. Through its journey, this SO2 gas undergoes a series of chemical reactions that ultimately transform it into sulfuric acid (H2SO4) which is deposited as acid rain. As a consequence of NO2 emissions from electricity production and transport in Kosovo the ozone (O3) is formed as photochemical smog due to sunlight, which triggers the breakdown of NO2. We modeled the impact of SO2 and NO2 emissions from energy system and transport in Kosovo on acid deposition and chemical smog locally. In model we consider the role of SO2 and NO2 pollution control technologies on mitigating these impacts.
References
[1]
J. H. Seinfled and S. N. Pandis, “Atmospheric Chemistry and Physics,” Wiley, Hoboken, 1998.
[2]
Howells, G.P. Acid Rain and Acid Waters. E. Horwood, New York, 1990.
[3]
MEZH (Ministry of Economoc Development in Kosovo). https://www.ks-gov.net/mezh
[4]
S. Kabashi, S. Bekteshi, S Ahmetaj, G. Kabashi, D. Najdovski, A. Zidansek and I. Slaus, “Effects of Kosovo’s Energy Use Scenarios and Associated Gas Emissions on Its Climate Change and Sustainable Development,” Applied Energy, Vol. 88, 2011, pp. 473-478.
[5]
EPA, “Compilation of Air Pollutant Emission Factors AP-42,” 5th Edition, US Environmental Protection Agency, Office of Air Quality Planning and Standards, 2003.
www.epa.gov/ttn/chief/ap42/index.html
[6]
ESTAP (Energy Sector Technical Assistance Project), “World Bank Grant No.TF-027791,” Kosovo, 2002.
www.ero-ks.org/ESTAP%20I/Executive_Summary.pdf
[7]
S. Kabashi, S. Bekteshi, S. Ahmetaj, G. Kabashi, G. Kabashi, R. Blinc, A. Zidansek and I. Slaus, “Greenhouse Gas and Air Pollution Emissions and Options for Reducing from the Kosovo Transportion Sektor: Dynamic Modelling,” Management of Environmental Quality: An International Journal, Vol. 1, 2011, pp. 72-88.
[8]
J. A. Fay, “Energy and Environment,” Oxford University Press, New York, 2002.
[9]
R. Blinc, D. Najdovski, S. Bekteshi, S. Kabashi, I. Slaus and A. Zidansek, “How to Achieve a Sustainable Future for Europe,” Thermal Science, Vol. 12, 2008, pp. 19-25.
[10]
A. Zidansek, R. Blinc, A. Jeglic, S. Kabashi, S. Bekteshi and I. Slaus, “Climate Changes, Bio Fuels and the Sustainable Future,” International Journal of Hydrogen Energy, Vol. 34, No. 16, 2009, pp. 6980-6983 .
[11]
N. B. Bunce, “Environmental Chemistry” 2nd Edition, Wooers Publishing, Winnipeg, 1994.
[12]
D. Bunce, “Environmental Science,” 1994
[13]
L. Deaton and D. Winebrake, “Dynamic Modelling of Environmental Systems,” Springer Science Business Media Inc., New York, 2000, pp. 174-186.
[14]
STELLA, Copyright 1985-2010 by ISEE Systems, Inc. www.iseesystems.com
[15]
M. Ruth and B. Hannon, “Dynamic Modelling,” Springer Science Business Media Inc., New York, 2001, pp. 122128.
