|
Schizophrenie im Angesicht des Leib-Seele-Problems: Eine Er rterung und Bewertung der bestehenden L sungsans tze anhand auditiver HalluzinationenKeywords: Schizophrenia , Mind-Body Problem , Dualism , Identity Theory of Mind , Functionalism Abstract: Using the example of auditory hallucinations which especially occur in the psychopathology of Schizophrenia this text tries to bridge the gap between empirical research in psychology or psychiatry and philosophical reflection on the mind-body problem.It is a fact that the neuronal manifestations of Schizophrenia are significantly associated with psychic characteristics of this disorder. But nevertheless, it is questionable how these dimensions of Schizophrenia are related to each other, exactly.The suggested intuitive plausible dualistic solutions of the mind-body problem are problematic with regard to conceptual consistency as well as to the empirically founded theories about Schizophrenia. The difficulty resulting from the Epiphenomenalism is the fact that the causal role of psychic processes is negated. Consequently, a contradiction results to established pathogenetic models of Schizophrenia. So the impact of psychosocial stress, which is postulated in the diathesis-stress model, can only be integrated indirectly by reducing the factors, which are assumed here, to physical entities in their causal potency. There are different problems regarding the interactionist dualism. According to the premises of dualism mental processes must be understood as immaterial phenomena. However, assuming these processes to be able to influence physical entities causally the consequence is a contradiction to basic physical principles, which are the assumption of the causal closure of the physical world and the law of the conservation of energy.A promising approach seems to be the monistic conception of the Identity Theory of Mind. A psychic manifestation of Schizophrenia and the corresponding neuronal process fuse into only one event, which can be called psychophysical units. The perceived qualitative difference between the phenomena which appear in the psychic and neuronal dimension cannot be ascribed to a difference between the phenomena themselves, but to the different representation of one and the same event in the mind of the observer. In contrast to Interactionism the Identity Theory of Mind does not contradict to the causal closure of the physical world and to the law of the conservation of energy. Furthermore, it can be demonstrated that the processes of interaction between psychic and physical entities, often being postulated within the Pathogenesis of Schizophrenia, can be integrated by the Identity Theory of Mind.Functionalism holds advantages, too. Functionalist Explanations make it possible to understand many pathogenetic aspects of Schizophrenia. In this w
|