Normal Adiponectin Level and Glycemic Control could Delay Subclinical Atherosclerotic Changes in Lean Type 1 Diabetic Children

Adiponectin is an anti-inflammatory, antiatherogenic and insulin sensitizing hormone. It inhibits neointimal media thickening and vascular smooth muscle cell proliferation. This study aimed to delineate the relation between glycemic control and adiponectin level and its impact on carotid Intima Media Thickness (cIMT) in lean newly diagnosed type 1 diabetic children. Forty six diabetic children their mean age was (11.593.64 years). The mean duration of diabetes (2.891.15 years), the mean BMI (20.863.94) the mean annual HbA1c (7.71.5). Forty six healthy control subjects matched in age, sex and BMI are enrolled in this cross-sectional study at Suez canal University Hospital pediatric outpatient clinic in Ismailia. All children had normal blood pressure for age and sex, normal lipid profile and normoalbuminuria. Adiponectin and HbA1c, were measured. Carotid intima media thickness was assessed. Adiponectin level was significantly lower in children with T1 DM (10.11.57 mg) than control (11.231.14 mg) (p = 0.02). Children with T1D had significantly higher cIMT (0.550.06 mm) than control (0.430.04 mm) (p = 0.00). Adiponectin level correlated negatively with cIMT (p = 0.01). Adiponectin level had no significant difference in children with good metabolic control (average annual HBA1C <7%) (11.510.45 mg) compared to control group (11.231.14 mg) (p = 0.15). Adiponectin was significantly higher (11.510.45 mg) and cIMT was significantly lower (0.450.03 mm) in children with good metabolic control than those with poor metabolic control (9.431.38 mg) (0.570.05 mm). From the results it can be concluded that glycemic control may have crucial impact to prevent atherosclerotic changes in type 1 diabetic children with short duration of diabetes. Diabetic children with good metabolic control and short duration of diabetes had no significant difference in adiponectin level than healthy children.