Extra Cardiac Anomalies (ECA) in 2020 Subjects with Congenital Cardiovascular Malformation (CCVM) and Control: Etiological Perspective

The main objective of this research was to analyze the spectrum of Congenital Cardiovascular Mal-formations (CCVM), Congenital Cardiovascular Malformation (ECA), the frequency of extra-cardiac malformations, extra cardiac anomalies and the proportion of chromosome aberrations among live born infants in order to generate hypothetical theories of congenital cardiovascular malformation etiology. It was found that out of 1010 congenital cardiovascular malformation, 288 were affected by extra cardiac anomalies (28.5%). Among the most common congenital cardiovascular malformations, Atrioventricular Septal Defect was associated up to 72% with extra cardiac anomalies while Dextro-transposition of Great Arteries was related only up to 8.7%. The syndromes were the common extra cardiac anomalies (37%) with congenital cardiovascular malformation. Overall, in live born infants, the congenital cardiovascular malformations were quite common and these were often associated with other cardiovascular and extra-cardiac malformations, as well as with chromosome anomalies. However, the complex heart defects such as hypoplastic left heart syndrome and double outlet right ventricle were infrequent in live born infants.