Deutscher Idealismus, Autopoiese und Radikaler Konstruktivismus, 1. Teil: Eine ideengeschichtliche Rekonstruktion.

The present two-article series first shows that the axiomatics of the systemic-cybernetic-biological theory of self-organization by Humberto Maturana and Francisco Varela has its nourishing roots in the philosophy of German Idealism. Especially the completely subject-centered philosophy of Johann Gottlieb Fichte already contains the entire central axiomatics of Maturana and Varela. Some of these ideas, isolatedly, have been usual also before in South America's German-influenced neurobiology, such as the difference between organization and structure (the first common and essential to every living organism and the second variable, specific and concrete) taught by Ramón Carrillo in Buenos Aires in the 1940's. The companion article (2nd Part of this series) studies the Anthropology (1822) of Johann Christian Heinroth, the first University Chair of Medical Psychology or Psychiatry, pointing out also its divergences with German Idealism as well as his Romantic appreciation of electricity, and electromagnetic phenomena, as linked to neuropsychological and spiritual realities; Heinroth probably was the first clinical psychiatrist to feel the need of building a unitary concept in psychology, akin to that of the total personality today, and the first academician to whom the ideational content of at least some of the mentally ill presented not merely a set of aberrations but a psychological process full of meaning. Outside of this series' scope remains the dependence of these historic-conceptual developments upon a substitution, suggested by Heidegger ("the oblivion of Being") and many other scholars, of the enactive meaning of "to be" by a predicative one, a process which made finally possible both German Idealism and, by its building on Aristotle's need of building a unitary concept in biology to unify the consideration of all biological entities without distinguishing the empsyched from the non-empsyched ones, German Idealism's autopoietic retinue. {Article in German} -- Zusammenfassung: Selbstorganisationskonzepte, also Theorien der Autopoiesis, erfreuen sich nach wie vor einer inter- und transdisziplin ren Beliebtheit im wissenschaftlichen Diskurssystem. Erstaunlich ist dabei, dass Selbstorganisationstheorien in vielen Disziplinen das Diskursgeschehen seit langer Zeit beherrschen oder beherrscht haben, ohne dass eine wissenschaftshistorische Reflektion über den philosophisch-paradigmatischen Hintergrund der Selbstorganisationstheorien stattgefunden h tte. Im Folgenden wird nicht, wie ansonsten üblich, das biologisch-kybernetische Systemmodell von Humberto Matu