Prolonged Calving Intervals in the Nili Ravi buffalo

The optimal calving interval for dairy buffaloes is found to be 12 to 13 months. The losses due to prolonged calving interval are amounted to one USA dollar per extra day of optimal calving interval. The calving season, weight loss after calving, nutritional status and management affect the reproductive performance. A number of measures can be taken to control the length of calving interval. Improvement, especially adequate estrus detection is a prerequisite in summer and spring seasons. Delayed cyclic activity can be restored by hormonal treatment. In winter the intensity of estrus detection should be increased. Nutrition should be optimal in the post partum period. Initiation of a fertility control program of the veterinary services of Pakistan is highly recommended.