Protective role of Peanut oil in rats exposed to two different doses of gamma radiation that produced oxidative stress and bone injury

Introduction: Exposure to ionizing radiation represents a genuine, increasing threat to mankind and our environment. The steadily increasing applications of radiation in clinical practice, industrial and agricultural activities, on top of residual radioactivity resulting from nuclear test explosions, have a measurable impact contributing to possible radiation hazards in humans. Control of radiation hazards is considered as one of the most important challenges in order to protect our lives from radiation damages. The trans-3,4,5-trihydroxystibeneis a phyto-chemical present in peanuts and grapes with beneficial effects such as protection against cardiovascular disease and cancer prevention. Purpose: The present study aims to clarify the role of peanut oil as a radioprotector in male albino rats against oxidative stress and bone injury induced by two different doses of gamma irradiation. Material and Methods: Rats were subjected to a dose of 5 Gy (group 3) or 10 Gy ( group 4 ) ( single dose/ whole body ) in comparison with control group ( group 1 ). Prior to the two doses of gamma radiation, rats received peanut oil subcutaneously, ( 0.75 ml/kg ) over one month period, on three days/week ( group 5 and 6 ). Group 2, rats received peanut oil subcutaneously, ( 0.75 ml/kg ) as group 5, but without exposure to radiation. Results: The results showed that whole body gamma irradiation revealed significant acceleration in the level of lipid peroxide (MDA), with significant depletion in glutathione content (GSH), superoxide dismutase (SOD) and catalase (CAT) activities. Meanwhile. Also, the study showed significant increase in serum calcium with concomitant decrease in the bone calcium and significant increase in serum inorganic phosphorous concomitant with a decrease in bone phosphorous after radiation exposure. Administration of peanut oil pre-irradiation has significantly ameliorated the radiation induced disturbance in all the investigated parameters. Conclusion: Metabolism can be controlled to some extent by peanut oil administrated prior to irradiation.