The Achilles Heel in Melatonin: Asthma

Asthma is a clinical syndrome characterized by chronic airway inflammation, airway responsiveness, and expiratory airflow limitation. Nocturnal symptoms and decreases in lung function are common aspects of the asthma clinical syndrome. Nocturnal symptoms also appear to be associated with asthma-related mortality.In addition to its importance to the regulation of human circadian rhythms, an accumulating body of evidence also suggests that melatonin is also involved in the regulation of smooth muscle tone. For this reason, this study aimed to evaluate contraction and relaxation responses in tracheal smooth muscle rings obtained from rats treated with melatonin.Following administration of melatonin (50mg/kg/day) at the same time every day for 6 weeks, in vitro organ bath experiments were performed with rat tracheal preparations exposed to contractile (acetycholine and serotonin) and relaxant (theophylline and papaverine) agents. Melatonin treatment strengthened contraction responses, but did not affect relaxation responses in rat tracheal preparations. We think that melatonin might play a role in the pathogenesis of nocturnal asthma.Therefore, clinicians should be aware of the importance of melatonin to nocturnal exacerbation of asthma symptoms and alert asthmatic patients that use exogenous melatonin supplementation of its potential negative effects.