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The mediating sex-specific effect of psychological distress on the relationship between adverse childhood experiences and current smoking among adultsKeywords: Smoking, Adverse childhood experiences, Pyschological distress, Mediation analysis Abstract: Data from 7,210 Kaiser-Permanente members in San Diego California collected between April and October 1997 were used.Among women, psychological distress mediated a significant portion of the association between ACEs and smoking (21% for emotional abuse, 16% for physical abuse, 15% for physical neglect, 10% for parental separation or divorce). Among men, the associations between ACEs and smoking were not significant.These findings suggest that for women, current smoking cessation strategies may benefit from understanding the potential role of childhood trauma.
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