Renoprotective Effects of Reconstructed Composition of Trigonella foenum-graecum L. Seeds in Animal Model of Diabetic Nephropathy with and without Renal Ischemia Reperfusion in Rats

Diabetic nephropathy is the kidney complication of diabetes mellitus and leading to end stage renal disease. In the past, reconstructed antidiabetic combination from Trigonella foenum-graecum (fenugreek) seeds (IND01) containing 4-hydroxyisoleucine (40%), trigonelline (30%) and galactomannan (30%) showed excellent antihyperglycemic activity. The objective of the present study was to evaluate the renoprotective efficacy of IND01 in animal model of diabetes with and without ischemia reperfusion injury. The diabetes was induced by alloxan in dose of 160 mg kg-1, intraperitoneally (early nephropathy model, without ischemia reperfusion) or 70 mg kg-1, i.v. (model with ischemia reperfusion). In both models, effects of oral treatment of IND01 (50, 100 and 200 mg kg-1, daily once for 30 days) were observed on biochemical parameters (creatinine clearance) and urine (blood urea nitrogen). On day 30, rats were sacrificed and histology was performed on isolated kidneys. Alloxan administration with or without ischemia reperfusion showed symptoms of severe nephropathy (decreased creatinine clearance, increased BUN, presence of glomerular matrix formation, tubular necrosis, interstitial inflammation and fibrosis). The daily oral administration of IND01 (50-200 mg kg-1) showed potent and mild renoprotective effects on biochemical parameters against diabetic rats without ischemia (early nephropathy) and with ischemia model respectively. IND01 showed moderate protection from histological abnormalities in kidney of alloxan-induced rats without ischemia reperfusion injury (early nephropathy model). However, such protection was not offered by IND01 in alloxan induced rats with ischemia reperfusion injury. In conclusion, IND01 showed renoprotection in animal model of early nephropathy probably by effective glycemic control.