In Vitro Micropropagation of (Vicia faba L.) Cultivars `Waza Soramame and Cairo 241` by Nodal Explants Proliferation and Somatic Embryogenesis

In vitro micropropagation of (Vicia faba L.) cultivars `Waza soramame and Cairo 241` has been achieved by somatic embryogenesis and nodal segment explants raised seedlings. The influence of nodal segment explant age, genotype and phytohormones on micropropagation both cultivars has been investigated. The explants were cultured on MS media containing different concentrations and combinations of cytokinin (BPA, TDZ, BA) plus auxin (NAA). Among difference and combinations, BAP + NAA showed the best result and the highest number (83 and 78%) of multiple shoots for `Waza soramame and Cairo 241`, respectively was observed in MS media containing 2.0 mg L-1 BPA + 0.2 mg L-1 NAA. Cultivar Waza soramame was more regenerative than Cairo 241 in terms of shoot per explant. Multiplication was also achieved by use only (0.58 mg L-1 TDZ or 1.24 mg L-1 BA) in combination with 2.15 mg L-1 NAA. Embryogenic tissues were initiated from zygonic embryos cultured on MS medium supplemented with IAA. After transfer of embryogenic tissues with developing embryoids on media lacking IAA and supplemented with low concentration of 2,4-D, the development of somatic embryos was enhanced. Secondary somatic embryogenesis led to the formation of new adventive somatic embryos.